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GOPENG,
GOPENG, PERAK.
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
Nutrients
Effects of
deficiency
Characteristics
Proteins
Kwashiorkor
Vitamin A
Night blindness
Xerophthalmia
Vitamin B1
Beri-beri
Vitamin B3
Pellagra
Vitamin B12
Iron
Anaemia
Vitamin C
Scurvy
Vitamin D
Calcium
Rickets
Osteoporosis
Iodine
Goitre
Cretinism
Sodium
Muscular cramps
Carbohydrates
(sugar)
Lipids
Effects
Atherosclerosis (as a
result of saturated
animal fats)
Characteristics
Proteins
Vitamin A
Sodium
Gout
Stones in the kidney
which can damage the
kidney
Liver damage
Fatigue, headache,
can cause bleeding
in the brain (stroke)
& heart failure
Kidneys are
overloaded with the
task of removing
excess salt
DIET-RELATED DISEASES
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Excessive intake of food that is rich in
saturated fat, cholesterol & calcium leads to
atherosclerosis & high blood pressure.
The saturated fats, cholesterol & calcium
are deposited on the inner walls of arteries.
The lumen become smaller & the walls of
the arteries harden & lose their elasticity.
Blood flow is reduced. the heart pump
faster to produce a higher pressure
DIET-RELATED DISEASE
DIABETES MELLITUS
Caused by excessive glucose in the blood & its
subsequent excretion in the urine
Excessive intake of food rich in sugar
(carbohydrates) can cause diabetes mellitus
Obesity can also lead to DM
The risk of DM can be reduced by :
Reduce the intake of food rich in sugar
Exercise frequently
DIET-RELATED DISEASE
OSTEOPOROSIS
Due to the lack of calcium, phosphorus &
vitamin D in the diet of an adult
Low density of the bone mass & the bones
become thin & brittle, easily broken
The risk of contracting osteoporosis can be
reduced in the following ways :
Intake of food rich in calcium, phosphorus & vitamin
D
Exercise frequently
Kwashiokor
Xerophthalmia
Beri-beri
PELLAGRA
ANAEMIA
SCURVY
RICKETS
GOITRE
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
OSTEOPOROS
IS
OBESITY
GOUT
HIGH BLOOD
PRESSURE
DIABETES
MELLITUS
EXERCISE 6.3
1. Explain what is
malnutrition.
2. Explain the effects of
malnutrition using examples.
3. Describe ways to reduce the
effects of certain health
problems.