AGRICULTURE

GEMORA, SOLOCASA, PEDROSO

Agriculture
the science, art, or practice of cultivating the
soil, producing crops, and raising livestock
and in varying degrees the preparation and
marketing of the resulting products. (MerriamWebster)
The Latin root ager, or "field," pluscultura,
"cultivation." Cultivating a piece of land, or
planting and growing food plants on it, Raising
animals for meat or milk also falls under the
category ofagriculture (Vocabulary.com)
The science or practice offarming,
includingcultivationof the soil for
thegrowingof crops and therearingof
animals to provide food,wool, and other
products. (Oxford)

SCOPE
The three major sectors in Philippine
agriculture

Agricultural
Forestry
fishery

Agricultural sector

Crop Production
Livestock
Poultry
Forestry sector

Production of log, lumber,

plywood and veneer sheets
Fishery sector

Aquaculture
Commercial fishery
Municipal fishery

HISTORY
The first humans had to compete for food
against all kinds and sizes of predators
Survival of the Fittest
Hunting and fishing for food wherever they could
be found in abundance forced the Early Man to
lead a nomadic life.
Much later, our ancestors learned to
domesticate animals. They discovered that
planting crops assured him of steady food
supply.
Man took to agriculture as a means to feeding
himself and his family. The goal was purely selfpreservation and self-sufficiency.
Established permanent villages and agriculturebased civilizations were formed.

18th century
Colonies export tobacco, rice, indigo, grain, and
meat products
Mechanical farm implements were invented like
Joseph Boyces reaper (1799) and Jethro Tulls
horse-drawn drill (1701)

Horse-drawn drill

REAPER
First agricultural society was founded (1793)
Cash crops as tea, coffee, bananas, sugar, and
rubber were introduced and cultivated on a large
scale.
Improved transportation as canals, steamboats, and
railroads allowed commercial crops to be shipped
more easily and quickly to market.

19th century
Improvement of food processing techniques.
Ranchers began to feed cattle grain
Case steam engine (1886)
replaced horses in
pulling plows.

20th century
Invention of
gasoline tractor

 Clarence Birdseye perfected a method for freezing

foods.
Farmers join cooperative that controlled the
marketing of their commodities resulting in greater
profits.
1930 more powerful tractors were built and
harvesters for root and vegetable crops were
invented.
1960s suppliers and food distributors joined in a
network known as Agribusiness.
High powered machinery feed fertilizers and
pesticides began to be used, and poultry was raised
in completely controlled environments.

SIGNIFICANCE OF AGRICULTURE

Source of Livelihood
Contribution to National revenue
Significance to the International
Trade
Source of Raw Material
Foreign Exchange Resources
Great Employment Opportunities
Food Security

Economic problems of Agriculture

Financing
Production
Marketing
Industrialization
Land Tenures
Taxation and Subsidies
Economic Infrastructures

Government
Programs
and
Solutions

Agrarian Reform
-provide

technical support and

marketing assistance to potential
agrarian reform beneficiaries
-provide a policy framework through
the agricultural credit policy council to
ensure that the credit is available to
beneficiaries
-strengthen the Department of
Agricultures operational network for
delivery of services to agrarian reform
beneficiaries, involving non-government
organizations and agricultural state

-link

up with the Department of Agrarian

Reform and the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources on
delivery of support services
-coordinate with the National Economic
and Development Authority and
Department of finance to obtain foreign
funding.

Resource
Conservation
-promote programs that ensure ecological
security as the foundation for food and
income security. Said programs include the
minimization of soil erosion and nutrient
depletion, encouragement of small water
impounding projects, establishment of
artificial reefs and fish sanctuaries, and
reforestation of denuded watersheds
-enforce regulations against illegal fishing,
over exploitation of marine resources, and
pollution of inland and marine waters
-continue providing plant and animal
quarantine services in all ports of entry and
exit

Agrikulturang
Pilipino
or
Agri-Pinoy
Four Guiding Principles
Food security and selfsufficiency
Sustainable agriculture and
fisheries
Natural resource management
Local development