UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT

DETECTION
Submitted
by
:
201303100620048

Satish

Chauhan

Ashish Patel

201303100620052
Swapnil Rana

Tanzil
Shaikh
Supervised by : Professor Priyanka
Patel
201303100620059
Professor Jay Patel
Poojan Joshi
201303100620060

201303100620058

Contents

Project overview
Block diagram
Power supply
Arduino Duemalinove.
Advantages
Conclusion
Future scope
Bibliography

Project overview
The project uses the simple concept of OHMs law where a low
DC voltage is applied at the feeder end through a series resistor.
The current would vary depending upon the length of fault of the
cable in case there is a short circuit of LL or 3L or LG etc.
The series resistor voltage drop changes accordingly which is
then fed to analog input of programmed microcontroller would
display the same in Kilo meters.
The project is assembled with a set of resistors representing
cable length in KMs and fault creation is made by a set of
switches at every known KM to cross check the accuracy of the
same.

Block diagram

Hardware Requirements
8051 series Microcontroller
LCD
Crystal
ADC
Relays
Relay Driver IC
Transformer
Diodes
Voltage Regulator
Resistors
Capacitors
LEDs
Slide switches

Software Requirements
Keil Compiler
Language: Embedded C or Assembly.

Power supply

 The 230V AC supply is first stepped down to 12V AC using a

step down transformer.
This is then converted to DC using bridge rectifier.
The AC ripples is filtered out by using a capacitor and given to
the input pin of voltage regulator 7805.
At output pin of this regulator we get a constant 5V DC which is
used for MC and other ICs in this project.

ARDUINO
The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single
board computer that has gained considerable traction in the
hobby and professional market.

The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is

reasonably priced and development software is free.

Image of development board

Features of Duemalinove
The Duemalinove board features an Atmel ATmega328
microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash
memory for storing programs and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing
parameters.
The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing
about 300,000 lines of C source code per second

 The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of

C/C++. If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.
If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands
are needed to perform useful functions.

ADVANTAGES
Less maintainance
It has higher efficiency
Less fault occur in underground cable
Underground cable fault location model are applicable to all types
of cable ranging from 1kv to 500kv&other types of cable fault such
as Short circuit fault, cable cuts, Resistive fault,Sheath faults, Water
trees, Partial discharges.
Improved public safety

CONCLUSION
In this project we detect the exact location of short circuit fault in
the underground cable from feeder end in km by using
microcontroller8051.
For this we use simple concept of OHMs law so fault can be easily
detected and repaired.

FUTURE SCOPE
In this project we detect only the location of short circuit fault in
underground cable line, but we also detect the location of open circuit
fault, to detect the open circuit fault capacitor is used in ac circuit which
measure the change in impedance & calculate the distance of fault

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.ijiert.org/admin/papers/1429469524_Volume
%202%20Issue4.pdf
https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&rlz=1C1CHWA_enIN644IN644&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=underground%20cable%20fault%20distance%20locator
https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chromeinstant&rlz=1C1CHWA_enIN644IN644&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF8#q=arduino+board
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulated_power_supply