Electronic Circuits and Devices - EE 351 (3-1)

(Prerequisites: Electrical Circuits and Electronic Devices )

Instructor: TARIQ MAHMOOD

Equivalent Circuits, Op-Amps, Integrated Circuits, Differential and

Multistage Amplifiers, Frequency Response, Feedback, Data Conversion,
CMOS Logic, Memory, Introduction to Filters, Signal Generation and
Waveform Shaping Circuits, Output Stages and Power Amplifiers.

Text Book: Microelectronic Circuits 5th Edition

by Sedra and Smith

Microelectronic Circuits
by Sedra / Smith 5e

2004 Oxford University Press.

Electronic Principles
by Albert Malvino 6 or 7e
Excellent Book On Analog Electronics

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Marks Distribution
Assignments
10% ( Every week )
Quizzes
15% ( Every week )
Project/Presentation 10%
One-Hour Tests
35%
Final Exam
30%
Total
100

Introduction to Electronics

Introduction to Electronics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Basic Concepts and Terminology

Electronic Devices
Discrete Circuits
Integrated Circuits
Signals

6.
7.

Extract Required Information

Signal Processing Electric signals, voltage or current.

8.
9.

Information about a variety of things and activities in our physical

world.
Weather Air temperature, pressure, wind speed etc.
Radio News Acoustic signals, information about world affairs.
Nuclear Reactor Instruments, relevant parameters.
Transducers.

Signal Amplification
Linear Amplifier

Thevenin Form or Norton Form

Figure 1.1 Two alternative representations of a signal source: (a) the Thvenin form, and (b) the Norton form.

Time varying quantity

Difficult to characterize mathematically

Frequency spectrum
Fourier series and Fourier transform
Figure 1.2 An arbitrary voltage signal vs(t).

Sine wave a very important signal in the analysis, design and testing of
electronic circuits.

Characterized by peak value, frequency and phase

r.m.s = Peak value / 2 = Peak value x 0.707
Figure 1.3 Sine-wave voltage signal of amplitude Va and frequency f. = 1/T Hz. The angular frequency v = 2pf rad/s. 9

Deg

Sine

Sine2

0.0000

0.0000

10

0.1736

0.0302

20

0.3420

0.1170

30

0.5000

0.2500

40

0.6428

0.4132

50

0.7660

0.5868

60

0.8660

0.7500

70

0.9397

0.8830

80

0.9848

0.9698

90

1.0000

1.0000

100

0.9848

0.9698

110

0.9397

0.8830

120

0.8660

0.7500

130

0.7660

0.5868

140

0.6428

0.4132

150

0.5000

0.2500

160

0.3420

0.1170

170

0.1736

0.0302

r.m.s = sqrt[(v12+v22+..vn2)/n]

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Figure 1.4 A symmetrical square-wave signal of amplitude V.

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.
Figure 1.5 The frequency spectrum (also known as the line spectrum)
of the periodic square wave of Fig. 1.4.

12

Audio band = 20Hz to 20kHz, Video signal = 0 to 4.5MHz

Time domain vo(t) and Frequency domain Vo()

Figure 1.6 The frequency spectrum of an arbitrary waveform such as that in Fig. 1.2.

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Analogue and Digital Signals

Samples or Discrete Time Signals

If we represent the magnitude by a number

having finite number of digits, it is said to
be quantized, discretized or digitized.
For example binary numbers

Figure 1.7 Sampling the continuous-time analog signal in (a) results.in the discrete-time signal in (b).

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Quantization Error

Figure 1.8 Variation of a particular binary digital signal with time.

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Logic Circuits
Memories
A good electronic engineers must be proficient in the design of
analog and digital circuits or mixed-signal or mixed-mode design.

Figure 1.9 Block-diagram representation of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

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Amplifiers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Signal amplification
Linearity
Wiggles
Distortion
Amplifier gain
Linear amplifier
Non-linear distortion
Voltage amplifier
Pre-amplifier
Power amplifier
Current amplifier
Attenuation
Transformers

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Reference Point or Circuit Ground

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Figure 1.10 (a) Circuit symbol for amplifier. (b) An amplifier with a common terminal (ground) between the input and output ports.

(b) Transfer characteristic of a linear voltage

amplifier with voltage gain Av.
.
Figure 1.11 (a) A voltage amplifier fed with a signal vI(t) and connected
to a load resistance RL.

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Dimensionless or V/V, A/A, W/W

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Figure 1.12 An amplifier that requires two dc supplies (shown as.batteries) for operation.

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.
Figure 1.13 An amplifier transfer characteristic that is linear except for
output saturation.

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Single power supply operation -- Biasing

VI & VO -- Quiescent point, dc bias point or operating point

Figure 1.14 (a) An amplifier transfer characteristic that shows considerable nonlinearity. (b) To obtain linear operation the amplifier is biased as
.
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shown, and the signal amplitude is kept small. Observe that this amplifier is operated from a single power supply, VDD.

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Figure 1.15 A sketch of the transfer characteristic of the amplifier. of Example 1.2. Note that this amplifier is inverting
(i.e., with a gain that is
negative).

Total instantaneous quantities

Direct current quantities
Power supply voltages
Incremental signal quantities
Sine wave amplitude

Conventions

28

29

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Buffer amplifier
Cascaded amplifiers

Figure 1.18 Three-stage amplifier for Example 1.3.

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Unilateral models

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. junction transistor (BJT). (b) The BJT connected as an amplifier

Figure 1.19 (a) Small-signal circuit model for a bipolar
with the emitter as a common terminal between input and output (called a common-emitter amplifier). (c) An alternative

EXAMPLE 1.4

35

Figure E1.20

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