AQIB HUSSAIN (2012-GE-03)

ARTIFICIAL GROUND
WATER RECHARGE

contents
Introduction
What
Why

is it?

its necessary?

Selection

of suitable site

Advantages
Techniques

INTRODUCTION

GROUND WATER
The water which is stored in the pores of the soil strata by
infiltration is known as groundwater.
Therefore the groundwater may defined as all the water
present below the earth surface.

AQUIFER
It is an underground geological formation which contains
sufficient amount of water and required amount of water
can be extracted economically using water wells

WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE?

It

is the process by which the

ground water is improved at a
rate much higher than those
under natural condition of
percolation.

IMPORTANCE OF
ARTIFITIAL RECHARGE
To enhance the groundwater yield in
depleted aquifer due to urbanization .
Conservation and storage of excess
surface water for future requirements.
To improve the quality of existing
groundwater through dilution

IDENTIFICATION OF AREAS FOR RECHARGE

Where

ground water levels are declining due to

over-exploitation.

Where

substantial part of the aquifer has

already been de-saturated. i.e. regeneration of
water in wells and hand pumps is slow after
some water has been drawn.

Where

ground water quality is poor and there is

no alternative source of water.

TECHNIQUES

Surface method
Subsurface method

 SURFACE METHOD
PERCOLATION
TANK

FLOODING

STREAM
AUGMENTATION

SUBSURFACE
METHODS
RECHARGE
WELLS

DUG WELL

PITS &
SHAFTS

DITCH &
FURROW
SYSTEM

PERCOLATION TANK
Series

of earthen dams are

constructed on suitable sites for
storing of adequate quantity of
surface water.

Tank

area should be selected in

such a way that significant
amount of water infiltrates
through the bed of the tank and
reaches the groundwater table.

Useful

in providing continuous
recharge after the monsoon.

Size

of tank depend upon

percolation capacity of strata.

flooding
Flat

region where water can

be spread as a thin layer.

Water

is distributed over the

region using a distribution
system.

This

method can achieve

higher rate of infiltration in a
region having thin vegetation
cover or sand soil cover.

Stream augmentation
Seepage

from natural stream or

river is artificially increased by
putting some series of check dams
across the river or stream.

The

placing of check dams spread

the water in a larger area which
eventually increases groundwater
recharge.

DITCH & FURROW SYSTEM

In

areas with irregular

topography ditches or furrow
provide maximum water
contact area for recharge .

This

technique consists of a
system of closely spaced
ditches/ furrow which are
used to carry water from
source like stream/canals
and provide more
percolation

The

spacing of the ditch

depends on the permeability
of the soil. For less
permeable soil, more
densely spaced ditch or
furrow should be provided

RECHARGE WELL
Recharge

wells are used to

recharge water directly to the
aquifer.

Recharge

wells are similar to

pumping wells.

This

method is suitable to recharge

single wells or multiple wells.

This

method is costlier than the

other method as wells are required
to be bored. However, sometimes
abandoned tube wells can be used
for recharging water into the
aquifer

DUG WELL
In

hard rock areas there are

thousand of dug wells have
either gone dry due to
considerable decline of water
levels

These

dug wells can be used

for recharging groundwater.
The water from various
sources can be collected
through a distribution system
and can be discharged at the
dug wells.

PITS & SHAFTS

In

area where impervious layer is

encountered at shallow depth the pits & shafts

are suitable structure for artificial recharge.
These

structures are cost effective to recharge the aquifer

directly.

The

diameter of shaft should normally be

more than 2m to accommodate more water.

The

advantage of shafts/ pits structures is

that they do not requires large pieces of land like percolation

tank & other
spreading method.

Conclusion
1. Thus

it can be concluded that artificial

recharge give the reduction of runoff,
increased availability of groundwater
especially
in summer
month ,
increase in irrigation, improvement of
groundwater quality .

THANK YOU..