The Effectiveness of

Psidium guajava Leaf Tea

as an Adjunct Treatment to
Simvastatin in Lowering
the Total Cholesterol Level
of Hyperlipidemic Patients
in Selected Barangays of
San Juan City: A Clinical
Fudotan, Yuki Kenneth
Ellison B.| Gabon, Danica
Trial
Nicole S.| Galang, Sophia Ma. Roxanne A.|
Gamboa, Domina Flor L.| Ganal, Dominiel Denver
L.| Acbang, Jeanine D.| Acebedo, Mark Gerard P.|
Espiritu Santo, Klarisse C.| Estillore, Breena
Reubee T.| Fernandez, Justine Joy D.

CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
Remains to be one of the leading
causes of death in the Philippines
FNRI reported on the 7th NNS (2008)
Mean
total cholesterol of participants
was 186.8 mg/dL
68.6% having the desirable level of <200
mg/Dl
21.2% classified as borderline high having
200-239 mg/dL
10.2% classified as having high cholesterol
levels of >240 mg/dL

Psidium guajava
Guava leaf tea might be effective in
reducing the total cholesterol among
hyperlipidemic
patients.
Previous
researchers (Rahmat et al, 2006;
Deguchi & Miyazaki, 2010; Barbalho et
al 2012; Oriaifo et al 2014) have noted
the beneficial effect of guava leaf tea
on parameters of hypercholesterolemia
of human subjects due to its
phytochemical properties.

OBJECTIVES OF THE
STUDY
To determine the effect of drinking
guava leaf tea on the total
cholesterol levels of hyperlipidemic
patients
To determine whether the guava leaf
tea has the potential to be an
adjunct treatment in patients who
are taking statins

HYPOTHESIS
There is a significant decrease in the
total cholesterol level observed among
the selected hyperlipidemic patients who
are taking statin drugs after drinking
guava leaf tea for a period of 28 days.
Ingestion of guava leaf tea will have no
side effects on hyperlipidemic patients
who are taking statin drugs after drinking
guava leaf tea for a period of 28 days.

METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY
Preparation of Guava Leaf Tea and
the Placebo
Fresh guava leaves were washed and
dried under the sun for three days until
the leaves were brittle and brown
Guava Leaf Tea/Infusion was prepared
by boiling 40g of guava leaves per
100ml of purified water
500 mL of the infusion (good for 5 days)
are transferred into a 500ml bottle

METHODOLOGY
Preparation of Guava Leaf Tea and the
Placebo
For the control group, an artificial food
coloring was mixed with purified water
until the color matched with that of the
treatment
Preservation was instructed for both the
treatment and control group: One bottle
for 5 days, to be refrigerated not frozen,
would be given and resupplied every
week until the experiment period was
over.

METHODOLOGY
Study
Subjects
Study Subjects
Previous study by Deguchi and Miyazaki (2010)
showed that the standard deviation in the total
cholesterol level is 20 mg/dL.
2
2
N = [[(z)
*2* (s)
]/ (d)2 ]*2
Thus,
Residents
of different
barangays
in San Juan
Where:
= ages
confidence
= 95%
= selected
1.96
City z
with
20 to level
70 years
old
s =by
standard
deviation
= 20
fishbowl
technique
d =Patients
difference
to be detected
= 15
diagnosed
with hyperlipidemia
and
are currently taking statins
N = (1.96)^2*2* (20)^2/(15)^2 = 14 = 14 * 2=
28 participants *.20 for dropouts= 34
participants

METHODOLOGY
Study
Subjects
Study Subjects
34 residents of different barangays
in San Juan City with ages 20 to
years ofold
Residents
different barangays in San Juan
70
City with ages 20 to 70 years old selected
by fishbowl
technique with
Patients
diagnosed
Patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and
hyperlipidemia
are currently
are currently takingand
statins

taking statins

Those who satisfied the inclusionexlusion criteria were included in

METHODOLOGY
Study Design

METHODOLOGY
Blood Sample Collection and Analysis
Study Subjects
Blood samples were collected by 6 RMTS from the
participants following overnight fasting of at least
10 hours (10-12 hours)
different
barangays
in San Juan
Residents
collected of
blood
samples
were stored
in tubes
The
City with
agesTris-EDTA
20 to 70 years
selected
treated
with
bufferold to
prevent
by fishbowl
technique
coagulation
of the
blood
Patients diagnosed with hyperlipidemia and
are currently taking statins
blood
samples
were
subjected
to
The
centrifugation at UERM Hospital Central Lab

Extracted serum were then brought to Global

Health Diagnostics in Diliman, Quezon City to be

METHODOLOGY
Statistical Analysis
Independent t-test was used to analyze
the significant difference between mean
values of total cholesterol level in the
control group and treatment group
Paired t-test was used to analyze the
significant difference in the mean total
cholesterol levels both in the control and
treatment groups before and after the
treatment phase. Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0 was
used.

RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of hyperlipidemic

patients in selected
barangays of San Juan City,
Manila.

Parameter

Age
Height (cm)

Control Treatme p-value

Group nt Group
(n=14)
(n=14)
Mean+/- Mean +/SD
SD
58.36 +/- 58.50 +/10
8
163.57
+/- 7

154.79
+/- 10

0.968
0.11

Weight (kg)

62.21 +/- 63.64 +/11

10

0.718

BMI (kg/m2)

23.17 +/- 27.92 +/-

0.56

Table 2. Comparison of total cholesterol levels between

control and treatment group during the baseline phase
and treatment phase
(Mean +/SD).

Total
Control Treatm
Choleste Group
ent
rol
Group

p-value

Baseline
phase 4.60 +/- 5.12 +/0.85
0.95
(mol/L)

0.134

Treatme
nt phase 3.95 +/- 4.28 +/0.63
0.69
(mol/L)

0.187

 There is no significant decrease in

the
TCL
among
hyperlipidemic
patients after the administration of
0.4g/mL of Psidium guajava leaf tea
within 4-week period.

Table 3. Comparison of the mean decrease in TCL

level via paired t-test
within the control and
treatment groups.
p-value
p-value
Control
Treatme

(paired t(paired tGroup

nt Group
test)
test)
Mean
decrease in
TCL level
0.65 +/0.84 +/after
0.012
0.002
0.22
0.26
treatment
phase
(mol/L)
% Decrease

in the Total

Cholesterol

Level after
14.13
16.41

the
treatment

 There is a significant decrease in

comparing the results of the baseline
and treatment phases of both control
and treatment group at p=0.012 and
p=0.002 respectively.

Comparison in the % decrease in TCL in

the control and treatment groups after
the treatment phase

 A study conducted by Ojezele and

Agunbiade
on
the
phytochemical
constituents of Psidium guajava leaf
extract reveals high concentrations of
bioactive
substances
like
tannin,
polyphenol, saponin and alkaloid.
These bioactive substances may be
responsible to the trend seen in the
reduction of total cholesterol among
hyperlipidemic patients included in the
study.

 The sample size met the number of

required subjects of 28 wherein
dropout rate is considered (original
sample size was 34), thus, it
excludes in explaining the null effect
of guava leaf tea in significantly
decreasing TCL when use as an
adjunct to statin drugs.

CONCLUSION

 Psidium guajava leaf tea is not effective

as an adjunct treatment to Simvastatin
in lowering the total cholesterol level of
hyperlipidemic
patients
at
a
concentration of 0.4g/mL within a 4week period.
Constipation was reported by one of the
respondents of treatment group after
ingestion of guava leaf tea on Day 2;
however, larger trials are still needed to
confirm the correlation.

THANK YOU!!!

The Effectiveness of
Psidium guajava Leaf Tea
as an Adjunct Treatment to
Simvastatin in Lowering
the Total Cholesterol Level
of Hyperlipidemic Patients
in Selected Barangays of
San Juan City: A Clinical
Fudotan, Yuki Kenneth
Ellison B.| Gabon, Danica
Trial
Nicole S.| Galang, Sophia Ma. Roxanne A.|
Gamboa, Domina Flor L.| Ganal, Dominiel Denver
L.| Acbang, Jeanine D.| Acebedo, Mark Gerard P.|
Espiritu Santo, Klarisse C.| Estillore, Breena
Reubee T.| Fernandez, Justine Joy D.