AUTOMATION OF

PEDESTRIAN TRACKING
IN A CROWDED
SITUATION USING
ANGLED UNCALIBRATED
CAMERA
Saman Saadat
Sovannarith Heng
Kardi Teknomo

Ateneo de Manila University

 Overview
•Introduction
•Problem
•Method
•Results
•Conclusion
 Introduction
• The importance of measurement of
individual pedestrian trajectories

E.g. In Business, Evacuation, and Traffic …

etc.

• Pedestrians’ movement influencing safety

concerns in crowded locations.

E.g. such as sports venues, public transport

station, and religious events … etc
Pedestrians in
crowded areas
 Literature
• Kelly (2007) states that most of
the person detection technique
works better in well controlled
environments such as laboratory
setting with a small amount of
people.
 Literature
• Kelly, O’Connor, and Smeaton (2009)
shows that other techniques require more
than one camera with overlapping fields of
view in order to cope with the pedestrian
segmentation problem in the a dense
crowd.

• We need to use extra cameras which cost

much.
Research
Problem
How can we track all pedestrians in the scene
using a single camera and save the data of
tracking as a NTXY table?

Fig. 1 Walking experiment at Ateneo de Manila

Method in
Automation
Object Detection
1. Split the video sequence into three channels of
Red, Green and Blue (RGB)
2. Subtracting green channel from the red
channel

3. Threshold of 70 (out of 255)

i(x, y) = r(x, y) – g(x, y)

1 if i ( x, y ) > φ
f ( x, y ) = 
0 otherwise
Object Detection
(cont.)
Object Detection
(cont.)
 Object Analysis
• Run the particle analysis in ImageJ to:
– Detect all objects in a frame by using
connected component algorithm
– Analyze each detected object for their area
and centroid coordinate

• The result will be a table with ID, coordinate

and slices number of each object.
 Object Analysis
(cont.)

Fig. 4 Results of particles Fig. 5 Tabulated result of particle

analysis of the binary image analysis
Object Analysis in
ImageJ
Flowchart of Tracking
Algorithm
Object Tracking

Searching for the neighborhood

Object Tracking
(cont.)
Comparison with Manual
Tracking
 Summary
Research Question:
How can we track all pedestrians in the
scene using a single camera and save
the data of tracking as a NTXY table?
1. Red hat detection
2. Blob identification
3. Frame by frame tracking of
trajectories
4. Conversion to NTXY
 Conclusion
• We were able to create algorithms to detect,
to analyze and to track pedestrian from
uncalibrated angle camera for outdoor
crowded situation
• The system was able to recognize
pedestrians at reasonable rate of
misclassification
• 86.7% correctly detected (red hat)
• 13.3% maximum error (any other red
object)
• Accuracy can further be improved by taking
into account the size and shape of the blob as
it moves (distinguishing red hat from other
red objects)
Thank you…