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Unbalance, balancing
Faults that can be mixed to
unbalance
Misalignment
Excessive bearing clearance
Bent shaft or rotor
Cracked shaft
Soft foot
Gyroscopic effects
Load or electrical influence
Locked coupling
Foundation problems
Unbalance, balancing
Mass Unbalance
A. Force Unbalance (Static Unbalance)
B. Couple Unbalance (Dynamic Unbalance)
C. Mixed Unbalance (Static + Dynamic Unbalance)
D. Overhung Rotor Unbalance
Unbalance, balancing
Centerhang
rotor
Force Unbalance will be in-phase. 1x rpm always present and normally dominates.
Unbalance, balancing
Couple Unbalance (dynamic unbalance) 180 out-of-phase. 1xrpm always present and normally dominates.
Unbalance, balancing
Overhang
rotor
Overhung Rotor Unbalance causes high 1xrpm in both axial and radial directions.
Field balancing
Before starting a balancing exercise think the following things first:
1. Study the places where to put the masses.
2. Get such important machine information as rotor mass, radius of the balancing mass place in a
balancing plane, rotating speed of rotor.
3. Choose the balancing grade where to aim see ISO 1940 standard.
4. Calculate permissible residual unbalance according to ISO standard 1940.
5. Have the balancing weights available.
6. Choose a suitable trial weight (ie. mass), not too heavy, not too light.
7. Trial weight mass = the permissible residual unbalance mass, unless not better information available.
8. (Depending on the machine size and speed the normal trial mass amount is about from 50 g to 300 g
when balancing fans, turbines, generators rotating not over 3000 rpm).
Dont use too heavy balancing masses! Use only tens of grams
or hundred of grams, not any kilograms (exception hydroturbine
generator rotors).
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Different methods:
2.
Balancing in more than one plane (generator rotors, turbine rotors, in general long rotors)
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First a reference run is needed, a trial run 1 where trial mass is put
into plane 1, a trial run 2 where the same trial mass is removed from
plane 1 and put into plane 2. After that, the needed calculations can
be performed.
Measure and record 1x amplitude and 1x phase in every run from both planes
(plane 1 and plane 2). So at least one 1xamplitude and 1xphase measurement
must be performed and recorded in one plane.
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Record of
Ref run/ Vel0
Record of
Ref run2/
Vel2
Vel0
Record
of Run3/
Vel3
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Result:
Draw the vector/
VelR
Vibration VelT,
effect of Trial
mass/weight only
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315
Trial
mass/weight
90
270
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215
180
Balancing
Example: If we have a rotor with mass of 2165 kg and put a Trial mass of 600 g at radius of 1000 mm and rotor is rotating at 1490 RPM. Trial mass causes a Force of 0.6 kg*1
m*(2* *1490/60*1/s)^2 = 14607,6kgm/s^2 = 14608 N = 1461 kp.
Permissible residual unbalance per unit of rotor would be (if chosen balancing grade G6,3) 40 Uper/m. eper, gmm/kg Now we can calculate how much unbalance mass is
allowed at radius of 1000 mm in this rotor of mass 2165 kg.
Calculation: 40 gmm/kg * 2165kg/1000mm=86,6 g, so the Tial mass 600 g has been quite heavy.
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Step 3:
1x vibration and 1x
phase measurement
readings at Reference
run. Original situation, no
extra masses added.
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Step 4:
Installing a Trial weight
or Mass on rotor (on
balancing plane at
radius of 700 mm).
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So this mass 67 g must first be compensated by adding 67 g to opposite side of rotor (angle 180 deg from the Trial mass).
Calculation result of balancing mass 43 g must be installed near to the position of Trial mass 67 g (12.4 deg). These two masses 43 g calculated balancing weight
and 67 g compensation mass are in opposite side of each other. This is equal to the situation: The summary effect of them is 25 g balancing weight added to
opposite side of the Trial weight 67 g.
So the final balancing solution was performed so that Trial mass 67 g was left in its place and 25 g mass was added to opposite side of rotor (180 deg from Trial
weight or mass).
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Run 2.
67 g Trial mass added
Measurement points of
the FAN
Run 3.
Trial mass 67 g was left
in place and 25 g
balancing mass added
in opposite side of rotor
(180 deg from Trial
mass). Speed 1400 rpm
FAN DE horizontal
FAN DE vertical
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