Muhammad Firdaus Omar 0629005

Shahifulazmi Adnan 0721499

Introduction to History and Civilization

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
• In tro d u ctio n

• Late archaic period (550 - 500 BCE ) to

Classical Greek (430 – 400 BCE)
• The temple was the most common and
best-known form of Greek public
architecture.
• Served as storage places for the treasury
and golds
• Attributed to the Gods (Athena, Apollo,
Artemis…)
• Many building are not survived the war [by
the Persian and the Turks]
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
• In tro d u ctio n

Doric
• • Ionic
• Masculine • Feminine
• Hellenic • Ionian

Culture • Fluted Shafts

• Unfluted • Roman pillar : blunt

Shafts •

• Greek pillar : sharp

•
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture •
 • Temple of Athena, The
Parthenon
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Athena , The
Parthenon
What is it?
•

• A temple of the Greek goddess Athena,

whom the people of Athens considered
their protector.
• Symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian.
• Built in 447 BCE and was completed in
432 BCE.
• Like most Greek temples, the Parthenon
was used as a treasury storage.
• The Parthenon was converted into a
Christian church. After the Ottoman
Turk
Greek conquest, it was turned into a
Civilization
mosque,
Ancient Greek now it is in restoration.
Architecture
• Temple of Athena , The
Parthenon
• Athens, Greece
• Diameter - 69.5 by 30.9 m (228 by
101 ft)
• Collumns of 10.4 m X 1.9m π
• Architect by Iktinos, Kallikrates
• Sculptor by Phidias

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Olympian
Zeus
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
•Te m p le o f O ly m p ia n Z e u s

What is it?
•

• Dedicated to Zeus, king of the

Olympian gods.
• House of the statue of Zeus
• Construction began in the 6th
century BCE not completed until
the reign of the Roman Emperor
Hadrian in the 2nd century CE.
• Being pillaged in a barbarian invasion
in
Greek the 3rd century CE.
Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
•Te m p le o f O ly m p ia n Z e u s

• Located at south-east of the

Acropolis and south of the center of
Athens.
• Platform measuring 41 m by 108 m
feet
• Architect by Libon of Elis
• Sculptor by Phidias

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Apollo, Delphi

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 •Te m p le o f A p o llo , D e lp h i

What is it?
•

• Was named the "Temple of

Alcmeonidae" in tribute to the
noble Athenian family
• Built around the 7th c. BCE.
• Architects by Trophonios and
Agamedes
• This temple was destroyed in 373
BCE by an earthquake and was
rebuilt
Greek for the third time in 330
Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
•Te m p le o f A p o llo , D e lp h i

• Was the most famous Oracle in the

ancient world called Phythia
• “If Croesus should cross the Halys
river, a great empire would fall”
• Located in south-western Mount
Parnassus in the valley of Phocis.
• Trophonios and Agamedes
• Spintharos, Xenodoros, Agathon
•
Greek Civilization
• Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Poseidon,
Sounio
Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Poseidon ,
Sounio
What is it?
•

• God of the sea

• Important for a maritime country like
Greece, Poseidon was considered
second only to Zeus
• Making animal sacrifice, or leaving
gifts.
• At a height of almost 60 m

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Temple of Poseidon ,
Sounio
• On the edge of the Aegean Sea
• Cape Sounion, located 69 km South
East of Athens
• Built by Iktinos
• 700 BCE (Original) destroy in Greco
Persian War
• 440 BC rebuilt by Pericles

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Apollo

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Athena

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Zeus

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture
 • Poseidon

Greek Civilization
Ancient Greek Architecture