THE

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM

The Endocrine System is a

collection of glands that
produces hormones that
regulates your body's growth,
metabolism, and sexual
development and function. The
hormones are released into
the bloodstream and
transported to tissues and
organs throughout your body.

What are the different

glands that compose
the Endocrine system
and the hormones
that they secrete?

Glands special organs

in the body that
make
and store fluids
that
the body needs

<==

HORMONE chemical

substance that controls growth

and
development and
functions of
the body.
- fluid that is
directly
release in the
bloodstream.
<==

Hypothalamus
Gland
It is a part of the brain that serves
as a link between the endocrine
system and the nervous system.
The hormones it secrets stimulate or
inhibit the pituitary gland from
releasing its hormones.
The hypothalamus senses when the
level of a certain hormone is low.

Hormone:
Oxytocin

it stimulates the
contraction
of the uterus when the
mother is in labor.
- responsible for the
release
of milk from the breast

Pituitary Gland

known as the master gland because

it produces several hormones that
control the function of the other
glands. But it is under the control of
the hypothalamus gland.

Hormones:

Growth hormone stimulates bone growth

Thyroid-stimulating hormone controls
the metabolism and growth and
development of the body
Prolactin promotes milk production in
mothers
Sex gland stimulating hormone

Pineal Gland
is

a small endocrine gland

located near the center of the
brain

Hormone:
Melatonin

promotes the
development
of the ovaries and testes

Thyroid Gland
stimulated

by the thyroidstimulating hormone from the

pituitary gland in order to
produce the secretions.

Hormones:
Thyroxin controls or regulates how
fast the body burns up
food to produce energy
or metabolic rate
- stimulates the growth and
mental development
Calcitonin decreases the amount
of calcium in the blood

The Parathyroid Glands

are

composed of four small

glands in the neck.

Hormone:

Parathormone increases the amount

of calcium in the blood
- it stimulates the
intestines to speed up
absorption of calcium
- also stimulates the
bones to release more
calcium into the blood

Thymus Gland
is an organ found in the chest. It is
found above and in front of the
heart.
Babies are born with large thymus
but when they reached adulthood,
the thymus has nearly disappeared.

Hormone:

Thymosin stimulates the

development of the lymphatic tissues
of the lymphatic system which help
the body fight against diseases and
producing antibodies

Adrenal Glands
are

two small organs each found

on top of the kidney

Hormones:
Aldosterone helps regulate metabolism
and maintain water
balance
Adrenaline helps the body cope with
emergencies
Cortisol helps the body fight infections

Pancreas

is a gland in the abdomen near the

stomach. It has a group of special
cells that secrete hormones called
the Islets of Langerhans. These
groups of cells in the Islets of
Langerhans are called Alpha cells
and the beta cells.

Hormone:
Alpha cells secrete:
- Glucagon stimulates the liver to
change the stored glycogen to glucose to
release it into the blood.(raises blood
sugar level)
Beta Cells secrete:
- Insulin facilitates the transport of
glucose into the cells. (lowers blood sugar
level)
* These 2 hormones are important in
maintaining the normal sugar or glucose
level in the blood.

Gonads or Sex Glands

The

primary reproductive organs

of the male and female, the
ovaries and testes.

Male hormone
Testosterone

stimulates the
production of sperm and
promotes the development of the
secondary sex characteristics
such as broadening of shoulders,
muscular development and the
growth of beard and moustache.

Female hormones:

Estrogen responsible for the

development of the
secondary sex characteristics,
such as development of the
breasts and widening of hips
Progesterone regulates the uterus lining
during menstruation, also
regulates the maintenance
of the uterus during pregnancy

GLANDS
HYPOTHALAMUS
PITUITARY

HORMONES
- Oxytocin
-Growth Hormone
-Prolactin
-Thyroid-stimulating hormone

THYROID

-Sex-gland stimulating
-hormone
Melatonin
-Thyroxin

PARATHYROID

-Calcitonin
- Parathormone

THYMUS

- Thymosin

ADRENAL

-Aldosterone
Adrenaline

- Cortisol

PANCREAS

-Insulin

- Glucagon

GONADS (Sex
Glands)
A. TESTES (Male)

- Testosterone

PINEAL

B. OVARIES (Female)

- Estrogen

- Progesterone

DISEASES
Giantism/Gigantism
Dwarfism
Acromegaly
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Cretinism
Diabetes

 Giantism/Gigantism

-excessive growth
and height (2.4 -2.7 m)
significantly above
average caused
by over-production
of growth hormone

 Dwarfism

- lack of growth
hormone, usually due
to malfunction of the
pituitary gland
Midgets-adults with
height of less than
4 ft 10 in (1.2 m)

 Acromegaly

- A chronic disease of
adults marked by
enlargement of the bones
of the extremities, face,
and jaw that is caused
by overactivity of the
pituitary gland.

 Hypothyroidism

- underproductivity of the
thyroid due to lack of
iodine in the diet that is
necessary for the
production of thyroid gland
- goiter (enlargement of
the thyroid glands)

 Hyperthyroidism

- overproductivity of
thyroid gland.
-Symptoms are increased
appetite, weight loss,
dry skin, toxic goiter
development and the
eyes bulging

 Cretinism

- a deficiency in
thyroxin during
the development of
a fetus which causes
short in height and
mentally retarded

Diabetes
Pancreas
Mellitus
produces

little or no insulin.
Hyperglycemia
(too much sugar,
lack insulin)
Hypoglycemia
(less sugar, too
much insulin)

Proper Care
Take a bath regularly or wash the
body organs as often as possible.
Eat the right kind of food.
Avoid eating too much sweet and
fatty foods.
Drink lots of liquids.
Have enough rest and sleep.
Have a regular exercise.