Animals are made up of cells.

Plants are made up of cells.

Cells make up all

living things.

Can you think of

reasons why cells need
nutrition and a good
environment?

Substances (elements and compounds)

Found in Cells
1.Carbohydrates (C, H, O)- 1%, provides energy
2. Nucleic Acids (C, H, O, N, P)- 4%, to build their
own proteins
3. Lipids/fats (C, H, O)- 10%, store and release more
energy
4. Proteins (C, H, O, N)- 15%, cell growth & repair
5. Water (H, O) - 70%

Cells also carry out passive transport

(diffusion, osmosis) and active transport
1.Passive Transport-materials do not need energy to
move from higher concentration to lower to a lower
concentration through membranes
a. Diffusion-movement of gases (O, CO2),sugar from
higher concentrations to lower concentrations
b. Osmosis-water moving from higher concentration to a
lower concentration
2.Active Transport-materials(minerals & nutrients) need
energy to move from a higher concentration to lower
concentration

Cells produce tissues.

Tissues produce organs.
Organs produce organ
systems.
Organs systems produce
organisms.

Level of Organization in Living

Things

Cell Theory
*All living things are made of one
or more cells.
*The cell is the basic unit of living
things.
*All cells come from existing cells.

TIME LINE (Discovery of Cells)

1.Robert Hooke discovered the first cells.
Cork Cells were thought to have been
these cells. (like small rooms)
2.Anton van Leeuwenhoek was first to
observe one -celled living things.
Examples of these were bacteria and
parameciums.
---invented compound microscope (more
powerful lenses)

3. Robert Brown --discovered the nucleus of

the plant cell
4. Matthias Schleiden--concluded that all plants
are made up of cells.
5. Theodor Schwann--discovered that animals

Main Parts of a Cell

1. Cell Membrane protection
2. Nucleus- control center
3. Cytoplasm- distributes
nourishment of the
cell

Plant Cell Parts:

1. Nucleus-control center of the cell
2. Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell that
distributes nutrients
3. Cell Membrane-surrounds cell material (protection)
4. Cell Wall-a stiff covering that protects plant cells
5. Chloroplasts-a green structure in a plant
6. Chromosomes-provides direction for cell to follow
7. Endoplasmic Reticulum-transportation network
8. Mitchondrion-produces energy in the cell (power
house)
9. Vacuole (bigger)-cell storage sac for food, waste and
water
10. Ribosomes protein factory
11. Golgi Bodies

Animal Cell Parts:

1. Nucleus-control center of a cell
2. Cytoplasm-gel like substance found in a cell that
distributes nutrients
3. Cell Membrane-surrounds cell material
4. Vacuole(smaller)-cell storage sac for food, waste, and
water
5. Mitochondrion produces energy in a cell (power
house)
6. Ribosomes protein factory
7. Chromosomes-provides direction for cells to follow
8. Endoplasmic Reticulum--transportation system
9. Lysosomes suicidal sac

Body cells
make up the different parts of the
body
found in the different tissues doing
specialized functions
help keep the body tissues and
organs functioning

Five different body cells found in some of the most important

part of the body:
a. Epithelial cells
- found in the epidermis of the skin, lining of the intestine,
lining of the mouth, secretory glands, blood vessels and
lining of the lungs
- serve as covering
- for absorption of nutrients from food. These nutrients are
carried by blood to the different part of the body.

b. Muscle cells
- found in the different muscles of the body
* Visceral muscles cells- composed of simple contractile
cells (cells that are capable of contracting) found in the
walls of the intestines and uterus and blood vessels.
* Cardiac muscles cells - found in the heart muscles
* Skeletal or striated muscles cells - most abundant
muscles in the body

c. Nerve cells or the neurons

- found all over the body.
* Some of them carry messages to
the brain and the spinal cord.
* Others are found in the sense
organs.

d. Blood cells
- found in the blood
* White Blood Cells (WBC) - soldiers of the body
* Red Blood Cell (RBC)
- carry nutrients and oxygen to the other
parts of the body and carry wastes and
carbon dioxide from the body parts
* Platelets for blood clotting

e. Bone cells
- are cells that give support to the body
They are bone cells that form a liquid that
hardens like cement.