CHEMISTRY

PROJECT REPORT
COSMETICS
ANALYSIS
Aashna Arora
Adarsh Public School,
Roll Number : _________
Vikas Puri

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express my profound
gratitude and deep regards to Ms. Shefali Jain,
my Chemistry teacher for her exemplary
guidance,
monitoring
and
constant
encouragement throughout the course of this
project. Her cordial support, valuable
information and guidance helped me in
completing this task through various stages.
I am obliged to my parents for the valuable
information provided by them and for their
cooperation during the period of my project.
Lastly, I thank almighty, my classmates and
friends for their constant encouragement
without which this project would not have been
possible.
Aashna Arora

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Aashna Arora, a student
of class XII has successfully completed the
research of project on the topic Cosmetics
Analysis under the guidance of Ms. Shefali Jain
(Subject Teacher). This project is absolutely
genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of
any kind. The references taken in making this
project have been declared at the end of this
report.

Signature(Subject Teacher)

Signature(Examiner)

AIM
To analyze the given
talcs and shampoos for
the presence of acidic
and basic radicals

Table of Contents
S.No

Topic

Page no.

Acknowledgement

Certificate

Table Of Contents

Theory

6-7

Procedure

Observation

11-33

Result

34

Precautions

35

Bibliography

36

Theory
Talc
Composition- Talc is a mineral composed of mainly

magnesium, silicon, and oxygen as hydrated magnesium

silicate with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2, also known
as talcum powder.
Uses - Used in many industries such as paper making, plastic,

paint and coatings, rubber, food, electric cable, cosmetics,

ceramics, etc.
Impurities- A small amount of impurity minerals like magnetite,

chromite, and sometimes hematite may be present.

Effects- Can cause breathing problems such as chest pain,

coughing, trouble breathing, rapid and shallow breathing and

even lung failure. Other symptoms include decreased urination,
eye irritation, jaundice, throat irritation, diarrhea and vomiting.
Substitutes- Baby powders, powdered lavender buds, rose

petals and chamomile flowers can be used in place of talcum

powder.

Shampoo
Composition- Made by combining a surfactant, most

often sodium lauryl sulfate, with a co-surfactant, most

often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick,
viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt
(sodium chloride) to adjust the viscosity,
a preservative and fragrance.
Uses- Used for removal of oils, dirt, skin

particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other

contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair.
Impurities- 1,4-dioxane which is considered as a

probable human carcinogen and carcinogenic impurities

known as nitrosamines may be present.
Effects- May cause an oily or dry scalp, mild hair loss,

eye redness, irritation, mild skin itching, dry skin or

headache.
Substitutes- Baking soda, egg, lemon, Apple cider

vinegar, etc. can be used as well.

Requirements
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Test tubes
Test tube holder
Dropper
Spatula
Glass Rod
Bunsen burner

Requirements
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Dilute and Concentrated Sulphuric Acid
Concentrated Nitric Acid
Dilute and Hydrochloric Acid
Dilute Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium Sulfide flakes
Ammonium chloride, hydroxide, carbonate,
phosphate, molybdate, sulphate and oxalate
Potassium Iodide
Potassium dichromate
Blue litmus
Barium chloride
Acetic Acid

10

Procedure
Small amount of cosmetic product was

taken in a test tube

A small amount of suitable solvent was
added to it
The changes were observed
Depending upon the changes, some
specific tests were carried out

11

Observations
S.No. Experiment
I.

SHAMPOOS

A.

Anions

Observations

Inference

Small amount of
shampoo was
taken followed with
addition of
(i)

Dilute sulphuric
acid

No effervescence

carbonate, sulphide,
sulphite & nitrite ions
were absent.

(ii)

Conc. Sulphuric
acid

No fumes

Chloride, bromide,
nitrate, acetate ions
were absent.

(iii)

Dilute HCl & 1mL of White ppt insoluble Sulphate ion was
barium chloride
in conc. Nitric acid confirmed.
solution.
was seen.

(iv)

Conc. Nitric acid & Yellow ppt was

1mL of ammonium observed.
molybdate solution.

Phosphate ion was

confirmed.

12

S.No. Experiment
B.

Cations

1.

Pantene

For 0th group

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dilute NaOH.

Observation

Inference

Fumes with
Ammonium ion
ammonical smell was absent.
were absent.

For 1st group

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dil. HCl.

White ppt was

observed.

Lead ion may be

present.

Few drops of KI was

added in above formed
ppt.

Canary yellow
ppt was seen.

Lead ion was

confirmed.

For 2nd group

Yellow ppt was
seen.

Arsenic ion may

be present.

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
dil. HCl & sodium
sulphide flakes.

13

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

Light yellow
ppt was
observed.

Arsenic ion was

confirmed.

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution.

Gelatinous
white ppt was
observed.

Aluminum ion
may be present.

Above formed ppt was

dissolved in dilute HCl
with addition of
ammonium hydroxide
solution & blue litmus.

Blue lake was

formed.

Aluminum ion was

confirmed.

Solution formed by
dissolution of yellow ppt
in conc. Nitric Acid was
taken in a test tube with
addition of ammonium
molybdate solution.
*

For 3rd group

14

S.No. Experiment
*

Observation

Inference

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl.

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide &
ammonium carbonate
solution.

No ppt was
observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.

White ppt was

not formed.

Magnesium ion
was absent.

For 4th group

For 6th group

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
ammonium chloride &
ammonium hydroxide &
ammonium phosphate
solution.

15

S.No.

Experiment

2.

Clinic Plus

Observation

Inference

Small amount of shampoo

was taken followed with
addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium sulphide

flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.

Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.

16

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

(vi)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

No ppt was
observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was not

formed.

Magnesium ion
was absent.

17

S.No.

Experiment

3.

Dove

Observation

Inference

Small amount of shampoo

was taken followed with
addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium sulphide

flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.

Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.

18

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

(vi)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

No ppt was
observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was not

formed.

Magnesium ion
was absent.

19

S.No.

Experiment

4.

Sunsilk

Observation

Inference

Small amount of shampoo

was taken followed with
addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium sulphide

flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.

Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.

20

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

(vi)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

No ppt was
observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was not

formed.

Magnesium ion
was absent.

21

S.No.

Experiment

5.

Head and Shoulders

Observation

Inference

Small amount of shampoo

was taken followed with
addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium sulphide

flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper &
Arsenic ions
were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or
gelatinous white
ppt were absent.

Iron &
aluminium ions
were absent.

22

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

(vi)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

No ppt was
observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
were absent.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was not

formed.

Magnesium ion
was absent.

23

S.No. Experiment

II.

TALCS

A.

Anions

Observation

Inference

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of

(i)

Dilute sulphuric acid

No effervescence

Carbonate,
sulphide, sulphite
& nitrite ions were
absent.

(ii)

Conc. Sulphuric acid

No fumes

Chloride,
bromide, nitrate,
acetate ions were
absent.

(iii)

Dilute HCl & 1mL of

White ppt
barium chloride solution. insoluble in conc.
Nitric acid was
seen.

Sulphate ion was

confirmed.

24

S.No. Experiment
B.

Cations

1.

Ponds

Observation

Inference

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium

sulphide flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper & Arsenic

ions were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium

gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

25

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(vi)

White ppt was

observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

White ppt formed was

dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-

potassium dichromate
solution.

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Barium was
confirmed.

Ammonium sulphate
solution

White ppt was

formed.

Strontium was
confirmed.

Ammonium oxalate
solution

White ppt was

observed.

Calcium was
confirmed.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was

formed.

Magnesium ion
was present.

26

S.No. Experiment
2.

Observation

Inference

Dermicool
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium

sulphide flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper & Arsenic

ions were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium

gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

27

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(vi)

White ppt was

observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

White ppt formed was

dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-

potassium dichromate
solution.

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Barium was
confirmed.

Ammonium sulphate
solution

White ppt was

formed.

Strontium was
confirmed.

Ammonium oxalate
solution

White ppt was

observed.

Calcium was
confirmed.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was

formed.

Magnesium ion
was present.

28

S.No. Experiment
3.

Boro Plus

Conc. Nitric acid & 1mL

of ammonium
molybdate solution.

Observation

Inference

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Phosphate ion
was confirmed.

Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of
(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium

sulphide flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper & Arsenic

ions were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium

gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

29

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(vi)

White ppt was

observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

White ppt formed was

dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-

potassium dichromate
solution.

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Barium was
confirmed.

Ammonium sulphate
solution

White ppt was

formed.

Strontium was
confirmed.

Ammonium oxalate
solution

White ppt was

observed.

Calcium was
confirmed.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was

formed.

Magnesium ion
was present.

30

S.No. Experiment
4.

Observation

Inference

Axe
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium

sulphide flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper & Arsenic

ions were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium

gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

31

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(vi)

White ppt was

observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

White ppt formed was

dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-

potassium dichromate
solution.

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Barium was
confirmed.

Ammonium sulphate
solution

White ppt was

formed.

Strontium was
confirmed.

Ammonium oxalate
solution

White ppt was

observed.

Calcium was
confirmed.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was

formed.

Magnesium ion
was present.

32

S.No. Experiment
5.

Observation

Inference

Navratna
Small amount of
shampoo was taken
followed with addition of

(i)

Dilute NaOH

Fumes with
ammonical smell
were absent.

Ammonium ion
was absent.

(ii)

Dilute HCl

White ppt was

absent.

Lead ion was

absent.

(iii)

dil. HCl & sodium

sulphide flakes

Black or yellow
ppt were absent.

Copper & Arsenic

ions were absent.

(iv)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution

Reddish brown or Iron & aluminium

gelatinous white
ions were absent.
ppt were absent.

(v)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
solution & sodium
sulphide flakes in
presence of dil. HCl

No ppt or
colouration was
observed.

Zinc, manganese,
nickel & cobalt
were absent.

33

S.No. Experiment

Observation

Inference

(vi)

White ppt was

observed.

Barium, strontium
& calcium ions
may be present.

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
carbonate solution

White ppt formed was

dissolved in dilute
acetic acid with
addition of
-

potassium dichromate
solution.

Yellow ppt was

observed.

Barium was
confirmed.

Ammonium sulphate
solution

White ppt was

formed.

Strontium was
confirmed.

Ammonium oxalate
solution

White ppt was

observed.

Calcium was
confirmed.

(vii)

ammonium chloride &

ammonium hydroxide
& ammonium
phosphate solution

White ppt was

formed.

Magnesium ion
was present.

34

Result
The tested talcs were found to have
Ponds : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Dermicool : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Boro Plus : sulphate, phosphate, calcium, barium,
strontium, magnesium
Axe : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
Navratna : sulphate, calcium, barium, strontium,
magnesium
The tested shampoos were found to have
Pantene : sulphate, phosphate, lead, arsenic,
aluminum
Clinic plus : sulphate, phosphate
Dove : sulphate, phosphate
Sunsilk : sulphate, phosphate
Head and Shoulders: sulphate, phosphate

35

Precautions
Do not heat the tube strongly at one point

as it may break
Ammonium Chloride should be added
before the addition of Ammonium
Hydroxide due to common ion effect
Do not boil the salt with concentrated
Sulphuric Acid, on boiling the acid may
decompose to give Sulphur Dioxide gas
Addition of group reagents should be
followed in correct order
Analysis of the anion should be done first
Test tube holder and dropper should be
used while dealing with concentrated acids
Do not inhale the fumes directly.

36

Bibliography
Lab manual
Class XII Ncert
Class XII Pradeep
www.docstoc.com
en.wikipedia.org
www.google.com
Images.google.com