Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Pakistan
Affairs
Day 2
Sequence
Evolution
and
Growth
of
Muslim
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Revised Syllabus
2016
Revised Syllabus
1. Ideology of Pakistan ----- definition and elucidation, historical
Revised Syllabus
7. Pakistans Role in the Region
8. Palestine Issue
9. Changing Security Dynamics for Pakistan: Challenges to National
Security of Pakistan
10.Political Evolution Since 1971
11.Pakistan and US War on Terror
12.Foreign Policy of Pakistan Post 9/11
13.Evolution of Democratic System in Pakistan
14.Ethnic Issues and National Integration
15.Hydro Politics ; Water Issues in Domestic and Regional Context
16.Pakistans National Interest
17.Challenges to Sovereignty
18.Pakistans Energy Problems and their Effects
19.Pakistans Relations with Neighbors excluding India
20.Pakistan and India Relations Since 1947
21.Kashmir Issue
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Revised Syllabus
22.Economic Challenges in Pakistan
23.Non-Traditional Security Threats in Pakistan: Role of Non-
State Actors
24.The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and
challenges to Pakistan, in the Post 2014 era.
25.Proxy Wars: Role of External Elements
26.Economic Conditions of Pakistan, the Most Recent Economic
Survey, the Previous and Current Budgets, and the Problems
and Performance of Major Sectors of Economy.
27.The Recent Constitutional and Legal Debates, the Latest
Constitutional Amendments and Important Legislations, Legal
Cases and the Role of Higher Courts.
28.The Prevailing Social Problems of Pakistan and the Strategies
to Deal with Them, Poverty, Education, Health and Sanitation
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Draw
This
Map
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1200s,
most
of
Advent of Islam
Arab Traders in Malabar Region (Link between them and
12
Malabar (Kerala)
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13
Cheraman Perumal
King of Chera
Dynasty in Malabar
First Muslim Mosque
of India
Cheraman to
Tajuddin
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14
Invasions of Sub
Continent
In 644 AD, Balochistan (Part of Sistan) was captured
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Extent of
Islamic World
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Pakistan Affairs
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17
18
Key Muslim
Periods
Ghaznavi Period
In 1001, Mahmud Ghaznavi defeated Shahi Raja
obtained
formal
recognition
of
Ghazni's
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Muhammad Ghauri
Muhammad Ghouri was a Turk-Afghan conqueror
Ghaznevids
In 1187, he conquered Lahore in alliance with a
Chohan
Died
in 1200 and
Qutbuddin
Aibak
took Control 21
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Pakistan Affairs
by Asmatullah Junejo,
PSP
8/29/15
22
Qut-bud-din Aybak.
Rukn ud din Firuz (1236), son of Iltutmish.
Raziyyat-ud-din Sultana (12361240), daughter of
Iltutmish.
Muiz ud din Bahram (12401242), son of Iltutmish.
Ala ud din Masud (12421246), son of Ruk-nuddin.
Nasir ud din Mahmud (12461266), son of
Iltutmish.
Ghiyas ud din Balban (12661286), ex-slave, sonin-law of Iltutmish.
Muiz ud din Pakistan
Qaiqabad
(12861290), grandson of 23
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Affairs by Asmatullah Junejo, PSP
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Tughluq Dynasty
Ghiyas ud din Tughluq Shah I (1321 - 1325)
Muhammad Shah II (1325 - 1351)
Mahmud Ibn Muhammad ( March 1351)
Firuz Shah Tughluq (1351 - 1388)
Ghiyas ud din Tughluq II (1388 - 1389)
Abu Baker (1389 - 1390)
Nasir ud din Muhammad Shah III (1390 - 1393)
Sikander Shah I ( March - April 1393)
Mahmud Nasir ud din (Sultan Mahmud II) at Delhi (1393
- 1394)
(1394-1398)
Nusrat Shah, grandson of Firuz Shah Tughluq, controlled
the west from Firozabad
Nasir-ud-din Mahmud Shah, son of Mahmud Nasir ud
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Pakistaneast
Affairs byfrom
Asmatullah
Junejo, PSP
25
din,
Delhi
Mughals
Babar (1526-1530)
Hamayun(15301539, 15551556)
Akbar (15561605 )
Jehangir (16051627 )
Shah Jehan(16281658 )
Aurungzeb (16581707 )
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Later Mughals
Bahadur
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Later Mughals
Muhammad Ibrahim
Muhammad
Shah 1719-1720,
1720-1748
Suffered the invasion of Nadir-Shah of Persia in 1739.
Ahmad Shah Bahadur 1748-54
Alamgir II 1754-1759
Shah Alam II 1759-1806 Suffered the invasion of
Ahmed-Shah-Abdali in 1761; granted the 'Nizami'
of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the BEIC in
1765, formally accepted the protection of the
BEIC in 1803.
Akbar Shah II1806-1837 Titular figurehead under
British protection
Bahadur Shah Zafar 1837-1857 Deposed by the
British and exiled to Burma following the Great
Mutiny.
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Causes of
Downfall of the
Muslim Rule
Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
I. Weak Successors of Aurangzeb
After the death of Aurangzeb, his incapable and
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34
Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
III. No Rules for Succession
Mughals had no set rules for succession. Whenever a
ruler died, there appeared many royal princes to claim
for the right to succession. There was a war among
them.
The victorious prince would slay his opponents and
succeed to the throne. The nobles and army would,
therefore, divide into many groups.
This gave a strong blow to the prestige and power of the
government. Many experienced generals were slain.
The succession war that took place among the sons of
the Shah Jehan caused a great damage to the good-will
of the Mughal dynasty.
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36
Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
V. Backward in Education
During
Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
VI. Luxurious Life
The wealth and prolonging of the Mughal rule
made the Mughal princes fond of luxurious life.
At the royal court, the jesters and musicians were
preferred to the brave and the warrior soldiers.
When the nobles saw that the flatterers enjoyed
more respect and were honored with prizes as
compared to anybody else they also got
temptation to choose the same course.
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Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
VII. Undue Liberal Policy of Akbar
Akbar was monarch marked with grandeurs. He
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Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
IX. Lack of Naval Power
The
Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
X. Foreign Invasions
During the reign of Muhammad Shah Rangila, India was
attacked by Nadir Shah of Iran. This attack proved a severe
blow to the Mughal Kingdom. The massacre carried out by the
invaders in Delhi shattered the economy of the country and the
Mughal Emperor altogether lost his dignity.
Later, the Marathas paralyzed even the remaining power of
Mughals.
Even in these critical circumstances, the courtiers continued
their conspiracies. The invasion of Ahmad Shah Abdali
destroyed even the remaining prestige of the Mughal Kingdom.
The Third Battle of Panipat though destroyed the power of
Marathas, yet it only provided the British with an opportunity to
make their position strong in the Subcontinent.
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Causes of Downfall of
the Muslim Rule
XI. Internal Conspiracies
The incompetent successors of Aurangzeb made the
Royal court an area of conspiracies. The ministers
and nobles were made about key posts and
monopoly on state affairs.
This struggle badly upset the whole administration.
Jealousy and hypocrisy ruled the country.
The nobles quarreled among themselves for power.
Such a state of affairs turned the country too weak
to survive.
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of Islamic Government.
Akbar caused this spirit by preferring Hindu to
Muslims.
After Akbar, the requirement of fresh blood to the
army from the martial races of Central Asia had
been stopped.
The local recruits loved life of ease. The Mughal
princes were indulged in luxuries.
The army became indolent. This factor weakened
the Muslim army and was no longer able to defend
the country.Pakistan Affairs by Asmatullah Junejo, PSP
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Write Up
What are the basic reasons of
the downfall of Muslim Rule in
India.
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The Bhakti
Movement
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The
Bhakti
Movemen
t Started
in Tamil
Nadu
49
50
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Deen-e- Illahi
16th Century
Mughal Empire
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Introduction
The Deen-i Ilh i.e. "Religion of God was a
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Teachings of Deen-eIllahi
Akbar promoted tolerance of other faiths. In fact, not only
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Teachings of Deen-eIllahi
Deen-i-Ilahi prohibits lust, sensuality, slander and
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Role of Sufis
Sufism
Two origins of the word sufi have been suggested.
Commonly, the lexical root of the word is traced to
60
orders
prominent
around
Sufi
11th-12th
century
1. Chistia Order
2. Suharwardya Order
3. Naqshbandia Order
4. Qadri Order
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Role of Sufis
Contrary to the spiritual mission of Sufism, the cult
was primarily introduced in India for spread of Islam
with a view to help the Muslim rulers for political
domination.
ii. By and large the spiritual successors of mystic Islamic
saints enjoyed the royal favor of Muslim rulers and
gave moral support to the atrocious Muslim invaders
and looked other way to ignore the growing social
conflict.
iii. They also guided the State in political affairs with their
experience of regular interaction with common people.
iv. They also endeavored to neutralize the negative
effects of the Bhakti Movement.
i.
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Monasticism
Monasticism, which they innovated; We did not
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Discussion
In the West, there is a separation between
the religion and the State. However, the
contemporary history of South Asia reveals
that the State has always used religion to
advance its interests. Which line of action is
more preferred- the former or the latter.
Also exemplify your response.
Former
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Latter
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