Atmosphere,

weather,
climate and
living things

Is a layer of gases that

surround the Earth and
protect it from solar
radiation

Its divided
into layers

It contains gases
that are vital for
living creatures

It regulates
the
temperature

It minimises the
impact of
meteorites from
outer space

What is weather?
Refers to the state of the atmosphere at a
specific time and place.
Meteorology is the scientific study of the
weather
Example: Today its sunny or tomorrow will be
raining

What is climate?
Is the average state of the atmosphere in a
region during a long period of time.
Climatology is the scientific study of climate.
Example: Mediterranean climate has hot and
dry summers.
Is determined by studying several elements:
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Winds

1.Temperature:
Is the degree of
warmth in the air

Is measured with a
thermometer and
expressed in degrees C

Is influenced by
several factors

Latitude:
Aswe get fartheraway from parallel
zero,temperature
decreases.
Distancing from parallel zero also
createsseasonal differences.

Altitude:
The temperature fails about
0.6 degrees for each 100
metres increase in height

Distance from the sea:

Theseaacts as athermal regulator, it heats
up and cools more slowly because the
temperature changes are less extreme on the
coast than inland.

Sea currents:
The coastal zones exposed to warm or cold
currents give rise tohigher
orlowertemperatures, respectively, than the
rest of the regions.

2. Precipitation:

Is the water that falls from the

clouds onto the surface of the
Earth

The amount of water that falls

is measured with a pluviometer
and is expressed in milimetres
or litres per square metre.

Types of precipitation

3 . Atmospheric pressure:
It is
theforcecaused
by the weight of
theair
columnabove
the surface of the
Earth

It is measured
with a barometer
and expressed in
milibars (mb)

Anticyclones are
areas where the
pressure is
higher than 1013
mb

Depressions are
areas where the
pressure is lower
than 1013 mb

The lines that connect points with the

same pressure are called isobars

4. Wind:

Wind ishorizontal
displacementsofaircreat
ed by differences in
pressure. The
displacements go fromhigh
pressurezones tolow
pressurezones

Its strength is measured with

the anemometer and expressed
in kilometers per hour

Its direction is indicated

by a weather vane

Equatorial
climate

Humid tropical climate

Monzonic

Hot desert
climate

Mediterranean
climate

Humid
subtropical

Oceanic
climate

Continental
climate

Mountain
climate

Polar
climate

Living things