Steering System

Function of Steering System

Control of front wheel (sometimes
rear wheel) direction.
Transmit road feel (slight steering
wheel pull caused by the road surface)
to the drivers hand.
Maintain correct amount of effort
needed to turn the wheels.
Absorb most of the shock going to the
steering wheel as the tire hits holes
and bumps in the road.
Allow for suspension action.

Summary
In rack-and-pinion steering linkage,
steering input is received from a
pinion gear attached to the steering
column.
There are three types of manual
steering gears in use today:
recirculating ball, worm and roller,
and rack-and-pinion.

Design Calculation
Design of Spur Gear
Material Selection:
Pinion-C15 Steel
Calculation of Stress:

TYPES OF GEARS
1. According to the position of axes of the
shafts.
a. Parallel
1.Spur Gear
2.Helical Gear
3.Rack and Pinion
b. Intersecting
Bevel Gear
c. Non-intersecting and Non-parallel
worm and worm gears

SPUR GEAR
Teeth is parallel to axis
of rotation
Transmit power from
one shaft to another
parallel shaft
Used in Electric
screwdriver, oscillating
sprinkler, windup alarm
clock, washing machine
and clothes dryer

GEAR..
Power transmission is the movement of energy
from its place of generation to a location
where it is applied to performing useful work
A gear is a component within a transmission
device that transmits rotational force to
another gear or device

Rack-and-Pinion Steering
Rack
Is a toothed bar in a metal housing
that acts similarly to a centre link.

Pinion
Is a worm gear attached to the
steering column that transfers
movement to the rack.

Tie-rods
Connect the rack to the steering
knuckles.

Rack and pinion

Rack and pinion gears
are used to convert
rotation (From the
pinion) into linear
motion (of the rack)
A perfect example of this
is the steering system on
many cars

NOMENCLATURE OF SPUR
GEARS

Steering System
Basic Rack-and-Pinion Steering

Helical Gear

Helical Gear
The teeth on helical gears are cut at an angle
to the face of the gear
This gradual engagement makes helical gears
operate much more smoothly and quietly than
spur gears
One interesting thing about helical gears is
that if the angles of the gear teeth are correct,
they can be mounted on perpendicular shafts,
adjusting the rotation angle by 90 degrees

A Rack-and-Pinion Steering
System

Power Steering System

Power Steering normally use an engine driven pump and a hydraulic
system to assist steering action.
Three major types of power steering systems:
Integral-piston linkage system.
External power steering system.
Rack-and-pinion system
Integral power piston.
External power piston.

Integral Rack-and-pinion system

is the most common.

Steering System
Basic Rack-and-Pinion Steering

Gear Housing- holds the pinion

gear and rack.

Tie-rods- connects the rack with

steering knuckles.

Steering System
Basic Rack-and-Pinion Steering

Pinion Gear- rotated by the steering wheel and steering shaft; its teeth mesh
with the teeth on the rack.
Rack- long steel bar with teeth along one section; slides sideways as the pinion
gear turns.

Power Steering System

Types

Conclusion
Hence the power steering in
automotives can be made into use by
simple gear size conversions instead of
using Hydraulic, Pneumatic or Electrical
energy.