Lesson 5

Suray Agung Nugroho

Universitas Terbuka
Korea Selatan

Lesson 5
Modul 6
Grammar
Finish a story.
Write a guided story.
Make a conversation from picture

Objective
Kompetensi Umum
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu membuat cerita dalam Bahasa
Inggris
Kompetensi Khusus
Mahasiswa diharapkan mampu melengkapi cerita, menulis cerita
yang dipandu, dan membuat percakapan dari gambar

Neither and Either

Menyatakan juga (tidak) versi negatif dari so dan too
Neither berkedudukan seperti so
Lily came here and so did her sister. (Lily and her sister came here)
Lily didnt come here and neither did her sister.

Tom is not tall and neither is John. (Tom and John are not tall)
I never play guitar and neither does Suzy.
Either berkedudukan seperti too
Lily came here and her sister did too. (Lily and her sister came here)
Lily didnt come here and her sister didnt either

Tom is not tall and John is not either. (Tom and John are not tall)
I never play guitar and Suzy does not either.
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Neither
Tense
Simple present tense

Pola Neither
Neith
er

Is, am, are

Subject

Do, does
Simple past tense

Neith
er

Was, were

Subject

did
Present continuous tense

Neith
er

is, am, are

Subject

Past continuous tense

Neith
er

Was, were

Subject

Present perfect tense

Neith
er

Have, has

Subject

Future tense

Neith
er

Will, shall

Subject

modals

Neith

Can, may, will, shall,

Subject

Either
Tense
Simple present tense

Pola Either
Subject Is not, am not, are not

Eithe
r

Subject Do not, does not

Eithe
r

Subject Was not, were not

Eithe
r

Subject Did not

Eithe
r

Present continuous
tense

Subject Is not, am not, are not

Eithe
r

Past continuous tense

Subject Was not, were not

Eithe
r

Present perfect tense

Subject Have not, has not

Eithe
r

Simple past tense

Future tense

Subject Will not, shall not

Eithe

Conjunctions
Kata yang menghubungkan kata, frase atau klausa.

Conjunctions
1.

Coordinating conjunctions
menggabungkan kata atau sekelompok kata
yang mempunyai elemen yang sama:
subject + subject
verb phrase + verb phrase
sentence + sentence
FANBOYS
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, dan so.

Conjunctions
Conju
nction

What is linked

Example

For

Sentence +
sentence

The contract will be delayed for the

president does not want to sign the MoU

And

Noun phrase +
noun phrase

We have tickets for the symphony and

the opera

But

Sentence +
sentence

The orchestra rehearses on Tuesday, but

the chorus rehearses on Wednesday.

Or

Verb + verb

Have you talked to or met him before?

So

Sentence +
sentence

I dont feel well today, so I will not go

anywhere.

Conjunctions

2. Correlative conjunctions
selalu digunakan
dengan pasangannya;
menggabungkan
elemen yang sama.
Apabila
menggabungkan subjek
tunggal dan jamak, kata
kerja mengikuti subjek
terdekat.

Both and
Not only also
Either or
Neither nor
Whether or

Conjunctions
Conjunct
ion

What is
linked

Example

Both.. and Subject +

subject

Both my sister and I were born in

Bandung.

Either..or

Noun + noun

The menu today is either salad or

porridge.

Neither
nor

Subject +
subject

Neither my sister nor my brother came

to visit me.

Not only
but
also

Sentence +
sentence

Not only is she a great singer, but also a

great dancer.
He is not only funny, but also smart.

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Conjunctions
3.

Subordinating conjunctions
Konjungsi yang dapat membentuk anak kalimat
(subordinating clause) dengan menggunakan
adverb.

Time

Cause + Effect Opposition

Condition

After

Because

Although

If

Before

Since

Though

Unless

When

Now that

Even though

Only if

While

As

Whereas

Whether or not

Since

In order that

While

Even if

Until

so

Conjunctions
Example:
We are going to eat after the class.
While I was waiting for you, I read this book.
I have lived here since 2 years ago.
Even if you have already bought the ticket, you will still need to
wait in line.
Blue color is the adverbial clause/subordinating clause (anak kalimat), black color is the main
clause (induk kalimat)

adverbial clause dapat berada di depan atau di belakang

induk kalimat.
letakkan koma setelah adverbial clause apabila berada
di awal kalimat atau sebelum induk kalimat.

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Spelling

American Spelling

Canceled
Center
Check
Color
Criticize
Gray
Humor
Judgment
Labor
License
Realize
Theater
Tire
Valor

British Spelling

Cancelled
Centre
Cheque
Colour
Criticise
Grey
Humour
Judgement
Labour
Licence
Realise
Theatre
Tyre

Valour

Spelling
Peraturan 1: I sebelum E kecuali setelah C
Chief, achieve, believe, bier, brief, hygiene, grief, thief, friend,
grieve, patience, pierce
Conceive, deceive, perceive, receipt, deceit, conceit

Spelling
Peraturan 2: hilangkan huruf E terakhir
Advance + ing --> advancing
Surprise + ing --> surprising

Advance + ment --> advancement

Judge + ment --> judgement
Argue + ment --> argument
True + ly --> truly

Spelling
Peraturan 3: hilangkan huruf Y tearkhir
Supply -> supplies
Worry -> worried
Merry -> merrier

Cry -> crying

Study -> studying
Obey -> obeyed
Say -> saying

Spelling
Peraturan 4: gandakan konsonan terakhir
Peraturan umum: Apabila kata berakhiran konsonan, gandakan

konsonan terakhir sebelum menambahkan sebuah akhiran yang

diawalin oleh huruf vokal (e.g., -ing, -ed, -er)
Gandakan konsonan
terakhir

Jangan gandakan konsonan

terakhir

Suku kata terakhir diberi tekanan

(dalam pengucapan) dan konsonan
terakhir didahului oleh sebuah
huruf vokal.
Submit + ing submitting
Refer + ed referred
Begin + er beginner

Konsonan terakhir didahului oleh

sebuah huruf vokal tetapi
penekanan diberikan pada awal
suku kata.
Open + ing opening
Open + ed opened

Hanya terdiri dari 1 suku kata dan

konsonan terakhir didahului oleh
sebuah huruf vokal.
Flap + ing flapping
Flap + ed flapped

Hanya terdiri dari 1 suku kata

tetapi huruf konsonan terakhir
didahuluio oleh dua buah huruf
vokal
Deal + er dealer

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Adjective Clauses
Clause:
Sekelompok kata yang terdiri dari subjek dan predikat.

Adjective Clauses
Person (subject)
who
verb
The woman who works over there is my sister.
Person (object)

person

whom

The man whom Ted is talking to is his boss.

Place
where
anything
The hall where the wedding was held is beautifull.

Adjective Clauses
Time
when
anything
Last week when she saw a horror movie.
Thing
which
anything
The book which they discuss is very interesting.
Person (possessive) whose
The old man whose son is a doctor.

thing

Adjective Clauses
That
Dapat menggantikan kedudukan which, who dan whom.
Digunakan untuk manuasia, binatang, atau benda yang
berkedudukan sebagai subjek atau objek.

The book that they discuss is very interesting.

The woman that works over there is my sister.
The man that Ted is talking to is his boss.
Tina is decorating a house that Lee designed.
It was Tom who broke this chair.

Adjective Clauses
Non-defining clauses
Memberi tambahan informasi tetapi tidak penting.
Dipisahkan dengan koma (,)

Ani lives in Seoul.

She is an Indonesian student.
Ani, who lives in Seoul, is an Indonesian student.
Tanpa memberikan informasi bahwa Ani tinggal di
Seoul, kalimat Ani is an Indonesian student
bermakna.

Adjective Clauses
Defining clauses
Memberi informasi yang penting tentang kata benda
(noun).
Tidak dipisahkan oleh koma.

I talked to a man.
He carried a big bag.
I talked to a man who carried a big bag.