Welcome!

M51MAE Engineering Simulation

Analysis
Faculty of Engineering and
Computing
Summer 2015

8/13/15

Module leader:
Dr Christophe Bastien
Room : EC4 - 35
email aa3425@coventry.ac.uk

Lecturers:
Dr Iman Dayyani
Room: EC4 - 35
Email: I.Dayyani@coventry.ac.uk

8/13/15

Dr Omid Razmkhah
Room: EC4 - 04
Email: ac0534@coventry.ac.uk

Outline!
1- Introduction to FEM
2- Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM
3- FEM Applications in Engineering
4- Common element types and their formulations
5- Matrix Algebra
6- Conclusion

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

Computational
Solid and Structural
Mechanics (CSM)

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

Models Bodies of Complex Shape

- Can Handle General Loading/Boundary Conditions

- Models Bodies Composed of Composite and Multiphase Materials
- Model is Easily Refined for Improved Accuracy by Varying
Element Size and Type (Approximation Scheme)
- Time Dependent and Dynamic Effects Can Be Included
- Can Handle a Variety Nonlinear Effects Including Material
Behavior, Large Deformations, Boundary Conditions, Etc.

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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1- Introduction to FEM

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

Any continuous solution field such as stress, displacement,

temperature, pressure, etc. can be approximated by a discrete
model composed of a set of piecewise continuous functions defined
over a finite number of subdomains.
One-Dimensional Temperature Distribution
T

T
Approximate
Piecewise Linear
Solution

Exact Analytical
Solution

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

Two-Dimensional Discretization

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

Domain Approximation
Element Interpolation/Approximation
Numerical Integration Errors
(Including Spatial and Time Integration)
Computer Errors (Round-Off, Etc., )

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

Accuracy
Error = |(Exact Solution)-(FEM
Solution)|
Convergence
Limit of Error as:
Number of Elements (hconvergence)
or
Approximation Order (pconvergence)
Increases

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Ideally, Error 0 as Number of

Elements or Approximation Order

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Discretization Concepts and Accuracy of the FEM

(Node

)
(Discretization with 228
Elements)

(Triangular
Element)

(Discretization with 912

Elements)

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

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3- FEM Applications in Engineering

High Fidelity Analysis:

Finite Element Methods,

Dynamic Stresses
Static Stresses

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Common element types and their formulations

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Common element types and their formulations

The Finite Element Equation Must Incorporate the Appropriate Physics of the Problem
For Problems in Structural Solid Mechanics, the Appropriate Physics Comes from
Either Strength of Materials or Theory of Elasticity
FEM Equations are Commonly Developed Using Direct, Variational-Virtual Work or
Weighted Residual Methods
Direct Method
Based on physical reasoning and limited to simple cases, this method is worth
studying because it enhances physical understanding of the process
Variational-Virtual Work Method
Based on the concept of virtual displacements, leads to relations between internal
and external virtual work and to minimization of system potential energy for
equilibrium
Weighted Residual Method
Starting with the governing differential equation, special mathematical operations
develop the weak form that can be incorporated into a FEM equation. This
method is particularly suited for problems that have no variational statement. For
stress analysis problems, a Ritz-Galerkin WRM will yield a result identical to that
found by variational methods.
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Common element types and their formulations

Domain Discretization
Select Element Type (Shape and Approximation)
Derive Element Equations (Variational and Energy Methods)
Assemble Element Equations to Form Global System
[K]{U} = {F}
[K] = Stiffness or Property Matrix
{U} = Nodal Displacement Vector
{F} = Nodal Force Vector

- Incorporate Boundary and Initial Conditions

- Solve Assembled System of Equations for Unknown Nodal
Displacements and Secondary Unknowns of Stress and Strain
Values
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Common element types and their formulations

u1

u2

F1

F2
1
k

Equilibriu m at Node 1 F1 ku1 ku2

Equilibriu m at Node 2 F2 ku1 ku2
or in Matrix Fo rm
k
k

Stiffness
Matrix
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k u1
F1

F
k u2
2
[ K ]{u} {F }

Nodal Force
Vector
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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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5- Matrix Algebra

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6- Conclusion

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