Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Module 3
Data ONTAP 7-Mode Administration
Module Objectives
By the end of this module, you should be able to:
Describe Data ONTAP RAID technology
Identify a disk in a disk shelf based on its ID
Execute commands to determine disk ID
Identify a hot-spare disk in a FAS system
Describe the effects of using multiple disk
types
Create a 32-bit and 64-bit aggregate
Execute aggregate commands in Data
ONTAP
Calculate usable disk space
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
Storage
Data ONTAP provides data storage for clients
Storage is made available to clients by a volume
(or a smaller increment within a volume)
vol1
Volumes are discussed in Module 4
Volumes are made available to clients through
protocols discussed later in this course
Volumes are contained in an aggregate
aggr1
Aggregates not visible to clients
Storage Architecture
Storage Architecture
Aggregates:
Are created by administrators
Contain one or more plexes
Aggregates types:
Traditional: Deprecated
32-bit: 16 TB limitation
64-bit: Data ONTAP 8.0.x only
system> aggr status
Aggr
State
aggr_trad online
aggr0
online
aggr1
online
aggr1
plex0
Status
Options
raid4, trad
32-bit
raid_dp, aggr root
32-bit
raid_dp, aggr
64-bit
5
rg0
aggr1
plex0
rg1
system> sysconfig -r
...
Plex /aggr1/plex0 (online, normal, active, pool0)
RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal)
...
RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg1 (normal)
...
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
aggr1
RAID types:
RAID 4
RAID-DP (a RAID 6
implementation)
plex0
rg0
rg1
system> sysconfig -r
...
RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal)
RAID Disk Device HA SHELF BAY CHAN Pool...
--------- ------ ------------- ---- ---parity
0a.24
0a
1
8
FC:A
0...
data
0a.25
0a
1
9
FC:A
0...
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
aggr1
Disk types:
Parity
Data
plex0
Made up of
4-KB blocks
rg0
rg1
system> sysconfig -r
...
RAID group /aggr1/plex0/rg0 (normal)
RAID Disk Device HA SHELF BAY CHAN Pool...
--------- ------ ------------- ---- ---parity
0a.24
0a
1
8
FC:A
0...
data
0a.25
0a
1
9
FC:A
0...
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
Disks
Disks
All data is stored on disks
To understand how physical media is managed
in your storage system, we will address:
Disk types
Disk qualification
Disk ownership
Spare disks
10
SATA
SAS
DS14mark2
DS14mark4
(ESH2 and ESH4)
DS14mark2-AT
DS4243
DS2246
FAS2000
FAS2000
FAS2000*
FAS3200
FAS3200
FAS3200
FAS6200
FAS6200
FAS6200
11
Disk Qualification
NetApp only allows qualified disks to be used
with Data ONTAP
Ensures:
Quality
Reliability
Enforced by /etc/qual_devices
Dont modify
Caution!
Modifying the Disk Qualification
Requirement file can cause your
storage system to halt.
12
Disk Names
System assigns Disk ID automatically through the
host_adapter (HA) and device_id
ystem> sysconfig -r
ggregate aggr0 (online, raid_dp, redirect) (block checksums)
Plex /aggr0/plex0 (online, normal, active)
RAID group /aggr0/plex0/rg0 (normal)
AID Disk
-------parity
arity
ata
Device
-----0a.16
0a.17
0a.18
HA
-0a
0a
0a
RPM
---10000
10000
10000
Used (MB/blks)...
-------------34000/69632000...
34000/69632000...
34000/69632000...
Disk ID = host_adapter.device_id
13
0a
14
Shelf ID
13 12 11 10
Bay Number
Shelf ID
Bay Number
Device ID
130
2916
130
4532
130
6148
130
7764
130
9380
130
10996
130
125112
15
15
28 27 25 26 23 22 21 20 16 19 18 17 24
28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16
15
44 43 41 42 39 38 37 36 32 35 34 33 40
44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32
16
Disk Ownership
Disks are assigned to one system controller
Disk ownership is either:
Hardware-based
Determined by slot position of the host bus
adapter (HBA) and shelf module port
Software-based
Determined by storage system administrator
Storage Systems
FAS6000 series
FAS3100 series
FAS3000 series
FAS2000 series
17
18
Hardware-Based Ownership
Determined by two conditions:
1.
2.
Channel A
Channel B
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
19
Software-Based Ownership
Determined by storage system administrator
To verify current ownership:
system> disk show -v
DISK
OWNER
--------- --------------0b.43
Not Owned
...
0b.29
system (84165672)
...
POOL
----NONE
SERIAL NUMBER
------------41229013
Pool0
41229011
POOL
----NONE
SERIAL NUMBER
------------41229013
20
21
22
23
24
Spare Disks
Spare disks are used to:
Increase aggregate capacity
Replace failed disks
25
Select Disks to
reveal a list of
disks
26
Disk Protection
and Validation
27
28
RAID Groups
RAID groups are a collection of data disks and
parity disks
RAID groups provide protection through parity
Data ONTAP organizes disks into RAID groups
Data ONTAP supports:
RAID 4
RAID-DP
29
RAID 4 Technology
RAID 4 protects against data loss that results from a
single-disk failure in a RAID group
A RAID 4 group requires a minimum of two disks:
One parity disk
One data disk
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Parity
30
RAID-DP Technology
RAID-DP protects against data loss that results from
double-disk failures in a RAID group
A RAID-DP group requires a minimum of three disks:
One parity disk
One double-parity disk
One data disk
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Parity
DoubleParity
31
Minimum
Group Size
Maximum Group
Size
Default
Group Size
16
14
28
16
Minimum
Group Size
Maximum Group
Size
Default
Group Size
14
RAID 4
NetApp
Platform
32
Growing Aggregates
Take care on how you grow your aggregates
Existing
rg0
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Parity
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Data
Parity
Data
Parity
Existing
rg1
33
Data Validation
NetApp provides data validation, using several
different methods:
RAID-level checksums
Media scrub process
RAID scrub process
34
Mathematical
Sector
Sector
35
4 Byte checksums
for 4096 Bytes
stored within cluster
1
520 Bytes
64 Bytes
36
512 Bytes
64 Bytes
37
39
A RAID scrub:
Is enabled by default
Can be scheduled or disabled
Disabling is not
recommended
Uses RAID checksums
Reads a block and then
checks the data
If the RAID scrub finds a
discrepancy between the
RAID checksum and the data
read, it re-creates the data
from parity and writes it back
to the block
Ensures that data has not
become stale by reading
every block in an aggregate,
even when users havent
accessed the data
40
41
To unfail a disk:
system> priv set advanced
system*> disk unfail disk_id
42
Disk Sanitization
If you have sensitive data on the disk, you might want
to do more than remove the disk... sanitize the disk
Disk sanitization is a process of physically obliterating
data by overwriting disks with specified byte patterns
or random data so that recovery of the original data
becomes impossible
Administrators may choose up to three patterns to use
or use the default pattern specified by Data ONTAP
43
44
Degraded Mode
Degraded mode occurs when:
A single disk fails in a RAID 4 group with no spares
Two disks fail in a RAID-DP group with no spares
45
46
1 TB
750 GB
750 GB
750 GB
750 GB
47
Disk Replacement
To replace a data disk with a spare disk:
system> disk replace start diskname
spare_diskname
system> disk replace start 0a.21 0a.23
Parity
Disk
0a.20
0a.21
0a.22
0a.23
Data
Disk
Target
Disk
Data
Disk
Spare
Disk
48
Aggregates
49
Aggregates
Aggregates will logically contain flexible volumes
(FlexVol volumes) - see next module
NetApp recommends aggregates to be either:
32-bit
64-bit
An aggregate name must:
Begin with either a letter or the underscore character
(_)
Contain only letters, digits, and underscore
characters
Contain no more than 255 characters
50
Adding an Aggregate
To add an aggregate using the CLI:
system> aggr create ...
To add an aggregate using NetApp System Manager:
Use the Aggregate Wizard
When adding aggregates, you must have the following
information available:
Aggregate name
Aggregate type (32-bit is default)
Parity (DP is default)
RAID group size (minimum)
Disk selection method
Disk size
Number of disks (including parity)
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
51
or
system> aggr create aggr 24
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
52
32-bit
Maximize performance
with no need of allocating
space more than 16 TB
64-bit
Provides high performance
as well as the ability to exceed
the 16 TB limitation
53
To rename an aggregate:
system> aggr rename aggr new_aggr
To destroy an aggregate:
system> aggr offline aggr
system> aggr destroy aggr
54
55
56
57
Select Aggregates
to administrate
aggregates
Select Create to
create a new
aggregate
58
59
60
61
Space Allocation
62
Protect
Data
Data
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
Data
Data
Parity Double-Parity
RAID-DP
is the
default
63
...
1 TB
Data
...
1 TB
Data
...
1 TB
Data
...
1 TB
Data
...
20 MB
1 TB
64
...
977 GB
1 TB
65
...
Data
Data
...
847 GB 1 TB
Data
...
847 GB
1 TB
Data
...
847 GB
1 TB
847 GB is the
. . .right-size
allocation for 1-TB ATA disks
847 GB 1 TB
847 GB 1 TB
66
Data
Data
Data
Parity Double-Parity
Data
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
Data
Data
67
Data
...
10% WAFL Reserve
847 GB 1 TB
Data
...
847 GB 1 TB
Data
...
847 GB 1 TB
68
Example:
In increments of GB
Total space WAFL reserve Snap reserve Usable space BSR NVLOG A-SIS Smtape
2483GB
248GB
0GB
2234GB
0GB
0GB
0GB
This aggregate contains no volume
Aggregate
Total space
Snap reserve
WAFL reserve
Allocated
0GB
0GB
248GB
Avail
2234GB
0GB
248GB
69
Module Summary
In this module, you should have learned to:
Describe Data ONTAP RAID technology
Identify a disk in a disk shelf based on its ID
Execute commands to determine disk ID
Identify a hot-spare disk in a FAS system
Describe the effects of using multiple disk
types
Create a 32-bit and 64-bit aggregate
Execute aggregate commands in Data ONTAP
Calculate usable disk space
2011 NetApp, Inc. All rights reserved.
70
Exercise
Module 3: Physical Storage
Estimated Time: 60 minutes
74
75