TYPES OF WALL AND

CEILING TREATMENTS
AND
CARE
& MAINTENACE

GURSIMAR KAUR CHANDHOK

HARSHITA SAINI
YASHIKA GROVER
M.SC (P) SEM -II

INTRODUCTION
Walls are the essential architecture element of
any building.
They traditionally served as structural supports
for floor above, ceilings and roofs.
They provide protection and privacy for the
interior spaces they create.

WALL COVERINGS
Wall covering are placed over the original wall
surfaces.
Wall coverings make a major decorating
statement
Wall treatments can be designed to cure defects
of dimension or a camouflage awkward
structural.

FACTORS FOR SELECTION

Scale of walls and room dimensions
Open/ enclosed looking walls
The complexity/ simplicity of the wall
The texture of walls
Durability of the wall covering
Sound and light
Functional considerations
Decorative accents
Use of colour

WALL
NONTREATMENTS
RESILIENT
RESILIENT
PLASTER

WALL
CARPETS

WOOD

CORK

MIRRORS

LEATHER
COVERING

TILES
PAINTS
MOSAIC
CLADDING

NONRESILIENT
WALL
COVERINGS

WOOD
PANELING
Wood offers:

Warmth
Texture
Vibrancy of a living materials

Plywood panels are known for their finest

decorative effects.
Veneered wood panel is a substitute. They can be
finished with varnish, strains, wax or paints.

GYPSUM BOARD
Gypsum board is highly fire- resistant and sound
resistant.
It can be used in partition walls, it is applied
from the floor to the ceiling.
It is used in various areas like:
Restrooms
Multi- unit apartment buildings
Hospital rooms

PAINTS
Paints come in numerous
colors producing unlimited
shades tones and tints.
Paints are made from a vast
array of synthetic and legend
materials.
Types of paints:

Alkyd
Acrylic
Latex
Enamel
Varnish
Shellac

tiles
Light and easy to install
Cost efficient and environment
friendly
Made from natural clay and
often from other (recycled)
materials
Durable
Does not necessitate the use of
heavy chemicals.
Tiles, thin slab of glazed or
unglazed fired clay used
structurally or decoratively on
walls.

CERAMIC
TILES

MOSAIC
TILES

QUARRY
TILES

TYPES
OF
TILES
SLATE
TILES

PORCELAIN
TILES

MARBLE
TILES

MIRRORS
Mirrors can expand an area visually.
They are available in large sheet and pre cut
panels.
Ready to install and they cover the entire wall or
be spaced on a wall for function
Disadvantage:
Mirrors are relatively expensive to install, costing
3 times as much as medium- priced wall paper.
The threat of breakage is quite slight.

PLASTER
Its an old technique in which
plaster is applied over the
wallboard or concrete blocks.
Textures range from smooth to
stucco.
Disadvantages:
It often chips and crakes as a
building settles over the year.

MOSAIC
Mosaics, works of art of surface decorations,
composed of variously colored small pieces of
glass, stone, ceramics or other materials.

GLASS
Clear glass partitions provide
an innovative way of creating
separate working areas.
Giving a modern and spacious
look.
They are innovative, modern
and stylish alternative to
traditional partitions.

CLADDING
It can be:

Brown stones
Brick-walls
Rock-stones
Pebble finishes

Stone and brick walls are

simulated with moulded
polyester sheets.

RESILIENT
WALL
COVERING

CORK
It is valued for its acoustical
properties
Its surface can be punctured
repeatedly.
Small particles of cork are held
together with a composition
binder.
The material is available in
flexible sheets, in square tiles
and in plywood- backed
panels.
Disadvantage:
Vulnerability to strains,
particularly grease

LEATHER COVERING
It was popular in 17th century.
Treasured examples of this
material are carefully
preserved in museum
collections.
Now-a-days, expensive vinyl
sheets are often used to
resemble leather.
Leather covered walls are
often ornamented with
molding strips or with brassheaded studs.

WALL PAPERS

Wall papers are not only

used to create an
atmosphere but to create
an infinite variety of
novel effects.
Available in wide range of
textures, colors, patterns
and interesting designs.

CEILING
FINISHES

METHODS OF APPLICATION FOR

CEILING FINISHES
1. Directly Applied Ceiling Finishes
The direct application of paints, materials, textures, and stains.
They must be applied in. thick layers because they are applied alone.
2. Direct Surfacing
The direct attachment of a panel of any given material to the
ceiling's structure.
Some examples of panels that are applied in this way are gypsum
and drywall.
3. Unfinished ceilings
An unfinished ceiling usually refers to a ceiling with an exposed
structural system such as a ceiling truss or space frames.

TYPES OF CEILING
FINISHES
CEILING TILES
Acoustical Tile Ceilings
Gypsum Tiles & Drywall Ceilings

CEILING PLANKS
Wooden Planks

CEILING PANELS
Linear Metal Panel Ceilings
Tin Panel Ceilings

Ceiling tiles
Acoustical Tile Ceilings
The typical dimensions of an acoustical tile are
300 by 300 mm and 300 by 600 mm.
Main objective of acoustical tiles is to control the
acoustical properties of that space.
Acoustical tiles that are porous and lightweight are
the best at absorbing sound.

Disadvantages: Acoustical tiles are considered a source of

pollution because they are porous.
Their porosity invites the growth of fungus and
microbes, as well as the entry of humidity and
moisture.

Gypsum Tiles & Drywall

Ceilings
Drywall (also known as plasterboard, wallboard,
gypsum board) is a panel made of gypsum plaster
pressed between two thick sheets of paper.
Drywall ceilings require less space.
It offers a smooth and clean looking ceiling.

Disadvantages : It provides poor access to pipes and wiring.

If there is a water leak one will have significant
ceiling damage.
Drywall ceilings also curtail ones ability to future
proof the home living ceiling

Ceiling Planks
WOODEN PLANKS
Wood planks are strips of wood that are typically 3/4
inch thick.
Wood planks come in a large variety of different
wood types. Some of the types include: plain pine,
exotic hardwoods, and cedars.

Advantages
Wood planks usually have a large amount of recycled
content, which is good for the environment.
They do not require expert knowledge is because
their installation is very simple.

Ceiling Planks
Disadvantages: Mechanical fastening makes difficult to remove a wood plank
without permanently damaging it.
Wooden planks that are too thick have a large weight and thus may
be too heavy for a ceiling to hold.

Ceiling Panels
1. Linear Metal Panel Ceilings
. Linear metal ceilings are composed of two main elements: carriers
and metal panels.
. The metal panels snap onto the carriers and are tightly held in place
via the interlocking mechanism between the panel and the carrier.
. These ceilings are different from other ceilings in that the metal
panels are linear and continuous rather than rectangular.
. The linear strips are typically 50 by 150 mm and 200 by 300 mm,
the latter being less common than the former.

Advantages:. Their metal qualities almost camouflage the presence of HVAC

grilles and diffusers as wells as lighting fixtures.
. Linear metal panels are famous for their low maintenance, easy
cleaning, and long life properties.

Ceiling Panels
Disadvantages: Linear panels are often costly and are typically custom made for
specific projects, rather than being largely available throughout the
market.
Acoustical qualities such as sound absorption can only be achieved
by adding absorbent fabrics and are not inherent in the material.

Ceiling Panels
Tin Panel Ceilings
Tin ceilings were built to last, and in the absence of prolonged
moisture damage leading to corrosion.
Easy restoration is achieved by simply stripping old paint, treating
the metal with a protective base coat, patching minor damaged
areas, and repainting.

Disadvantages: Ceiling requires a historic pattern that is no longer in production.

Good quality panels from the existing ceiling may be used to create a
mold and new customized tin can be pressed. Thus, they are the
most expensive of all the ceiling panels in the market.

Maintenance OF WALLS and

Ceilings.

Wood Paneling and cladding

Regular Dusting or Vacuuming.

Light Washing.
Removing Grease or Crayon.
Lemon Oil Finish and use of
vegetable oil.
Avoid alkali and solvents-cladding.

Gypsum Board

Dust regularly using a feather duster or a dry cloth.

Obtain a cellulose sponge.
Desired cleaning solution preparation.
Soak the cellulose sponge and wipe walls.

 Paints- (before)
Surface -free from oil, grease.
Remove any loose paint-water
blasting, scraping or wire brushing.
Apply primer to any areas cleaned.
Apply two finish coats for desired appearance.

(After)
Wash walls painted with latex paint using warm
water and a nonabrasive all-purpose cleaner.
For spots, such as fingerprints etc- paste of baking
soda and water & use a nonabrasive pad.
Wash walls painted with oil-based paint,
substituting detergent solution- liquid dish
detergent with white vinegar

 Tiles
Removes cement and residual film left over
from grouting process before installation.
Use of a mild acid de-cementing solution
followed by rinsing.
Wiped with warm water with neutral detergent.
Cleaned routinely with an all-purpose, low VOC
household or commercial cleaner.

Mirrors and glass

Damp clean
Clean using a microfibre sponge or cloth
dampened with warm water.
Spot clean (if necessary)
Spot clean any spills, marks or stains using a neutral pH
chemical such as Slique Cleansing Fluid with clean
water.

 Plaster
Frequent dusting prevents some of
the dust buildup and discoloration
Regular bleach lightens the grime and washes away the
dirt without damaging the plaster.
A once- or twice-yearly deep cleaning with a bleach
solution is usually to look at its best.

Mosaic
Always Apply Sealant Especially
Outdoors!
Always Wipe Down With Soapy Water
Regularly Clean Grout To Avoid Mould
Build-Up
Avoid Acidic Substances & Homemade
Cleaners

Maintenance OF RESILIENT
WALLS.

Cork

The surface can be wiped or washed using any

common, PH neutral cleaning method (PH 7-8.5).
Abrasives or alkaline cleaners should never be used.
Use a soft, lint free cloth and rinse with clean water
after cleaning

Leather Coverings
Frequently vacuuming.
Occasional conditioning with leather
Cleaner, Conditioner, and Protector.
Never use leather cleaners such as saddle soaps,
Murphys Oil Soap, containing harsh chemicals or
alcohol, or ink removers

 Wallpapers
Vacuum your wallpaper.
Clean delicate coverings with dough.
Test unique or textured wallpaper
before washing it.
Give your kitchen wallpaper an occasional wipe