Mr. Thilak de Silva.

BSc. Eng., MSc, CEng, FIE(SL), FIET(UK),

CITP(UK), MBCS(UK), MIEEE (USA)

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

 Networks
Transmission

Networks

LTE
Multiplexes

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

 At

the end of this session you will

understand about the Networks,
LTEs,
Multiplexes
and
their
management systems.

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Networks

can be divided in to
three main types.
Access Networks.
Wired
Wireless
Switch

Networks.

Transmission

Networks.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

There

are two main factors

in Transmission networks.
Transmission Media
Transmission Technology.

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

One

type of transmission
media is Fiber.
Fiber should be terminated
from a special equipment
named LTE Line Terminal
equipment.
LTE

Fiber

LTE

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Including supervisory signals

to supervise the end to end
line.

Eg:- if a repeater is faulty it should

be identified.
LTE

Repeate
r

Repeate
r

LTE

Fiber
Line
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Suitable encoding of bit patterns.

Eg:- Manchester Encoding

AMI
CMI
Media

Conversion (if necessary)

Eg:-Electrical to Optical Conversion

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

 All

transmission networks terminates at LTE.

Need

supervisory signals to monitor the

link.
If

one link is out of order or if a particular

link is having high traffic the LTE finds an
alternate link to send data.

This

is the management part of the media.

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

 Graphically

represents all the LTEs

and respective links between LETs.

Transmission

media management
can be done in a separate, central
location.

This

is for fiber optics.

Most

of these software are propriority.

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Telephone

to MUX.

lines are connected

Multiplexes

are connected
directly to LETs.

Logically

Muxses forms a
separate network but actually
data are sent through the LETs.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Eg:-

SDH (ITU-T standard)

SDH includes a management

system too.
Theses

Multiplexes also has a

separate management
system, to divert the traffic in
a failure of a link, to an
alternate link.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

 From

these two fiber restoration is

done immediately. (LTE Restoration)

Only

if the fiber is slow, SDH will

do the restoration. (Multiplexes
Restoration.)

But

Fiber management software is

expensive and not used in
countries like Sri Lanka.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

Similar

concept is used in
switches.

Physical

Layer, SDH layer and

switches has separate
management systems.
M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012

M.Sc. in IT - Year 1 Semester II - 2012