Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Types of Animation
Clay animation
Silhouette animation is a
monochrome variant of cutout
animation in which the characters
are only visible as black silhouettes.
Puppet animation typically involves stopmotion puppet figures interacting with each
other in a constructed environment, in
contrast to the real-world interaction in model
animation. The puppets generally have an
armature inside of them to keep them still
and steady as well as constraining them to
move at particular joints. Examples include
Le Roman de Renard (The Tale of the Fox)
(France, 1937), the films of Ji Trnka,
The Nightmare Before Christmas (US, 1993),
and the TV series Robot Chicken (US, 2005present).
Rotoscope
Rotoscoping is an
animation technique in
which animators trace over
live-action film movement,
frame by frame, for use in
animated films. Originally,
pre-recorded live-action film
images were projected onto
a frosted glass panel and redrawn by an animator.
Computer Animation
2D animation
Figures are created and/or edited on the computer using
2D bitmap graphics or created and edited using 2D
vector graphics .
This includes automated computerized versions of
traditional animation techniques such as of tweening ,
morphing , onion skinning and interpolated rotoscoping.
Examples: Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends , Jib Jab,
Mickey the Squirrel
3d animation
3D animation
Digital models manipulated by an
animator. In order to manipulate a
mesh, it is given a digital
armature (sculpture). This process is
called rigging. Various other
techniques can be applied, such as
mathematical functions (ex. gravity,
particle simulations), simulated fur
or hair, effects such as fire and
water and the use of Motion capture
to name but a few. Many 3D
animations are very believable and
are commonly used as
special effects for recent movies.
History of Animation
A
predecessor of today's
comic strip can be found in
an Egyptian wall decoration
in circa 2000 B.C.
In
History of Animation
History of Animation
Since the
beginnings of time,
human beings have
tried to capture a
sense of motion in
their art. From the
eight-legged boar
in the Altamira
caves of Northern
Spain 35000 years
ago
History of Animation
History of Animation
History of Animation
Persistence of Vision
The thaumatrope
The Flipbook
History of Animation
The phenakistoscope,
invented by Joseph Plateau in 1826, two
disc mounted on a shaft- fornt disc has slits
around the edge and the rear disc has a
sequence of drawings. Look through the
openings and as the discs revolve we have
the
illusions of motions
The Zeotrope.
In 1860, Pierre Desvignes, inserted a strip of
paper containing drawings on the inside of a
drumlike cylinder. The drum twirled on a spindle,
and the viewer gazed through slots ot the top of
the drum. The figures on the inside magically
came to life, endlessly looping in an acrobatic
feat.
In 1873 Eadweard
Muybridge conducted an
experiment to resolve a
friends bet about whether
when a horse run, theres a
point at which all four legs
are off the ground.
Multiplane camera
3D Animation
TheDirectors
The 1970s
In 1977, the world changed with Star Wars came out. This
really ushered in the age of the special effects movie. Phil
Tippett was the lead animator and did the animated chess
game between C3PO and Chewbacca.
The 1980s
The end of the 80s also saw some new animated features that
breathed new life into the industry and inspired a whole new
generation of animators. These were Roger Rabbit in 1988,
and Little Mermaid in 1989. There was a measurable boost
in interest of CG animation tools, and many young animators
that got started learning animation on personal computers are
now the animators at the top animation studios.
The 90s
The Principles
12 principles of animation
Anticipation
Anticipation
Staging
Staging is the
presentation of an idea so
that it is completely and
unmistakably clear.
To stage an idea clearly,
the audience's eye must
be led to exactly where it
needs to be at the right
moment
Andrea cute's
scratch was
staged to the
side (in
"silhouette")
for clarity and
because that is
where his itch
was.
Staging
It is important, when
staging an action. that
only one idea be seen by
the audience at a time
If a lot of action is
happening at once, the
eye does not know
where to look and the
main idea of the action
will be overlooked.
Straight Ahead
Straight Ahead action
usually has a fresh
spontaneous look to it.
Pose to Pose
creates quite a
controlled clean look.
overlapping action
e
s
q
u
i
c
in animation, the acceleration and
deceleration of action, i.e.
k
the way that an action begins slowly,
moves quickly through
l
the main action, and then slows down as it comes to a stop
y one position to another.
rather than moving linearly from
t
h
The ball on the left moves
r
at a constant speed witho
u
no squash/stretch.
g
The ball in the center does
h
Exaggeration
Exaggeration
ARCS
Expressive Motion
The visual path of action from one
extreme to another is always described
by an arc. In nature, arcs are the most
economical routes by which a form can
move from one position to another
secondary action
The secondary action of Luxo Jr's forward motion is the rippling of his power
secondary action
Appeal
Drawing Animation