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CONCEPTUAL MEANING
CONNOTATIVE MEANING
STYLISTIC MEANING
AFFECTIVE MEANING
REFLECTED MEANING
COLLOCATIVE MEANING
THEMATIC MEANING

 Denotative or cognitive
The most important element of an act of
linguistic communication
Based on two structural principles:
A)Contrastiveness (as in phonology,
contrastive features)
B)Constituent structure (larger units built
upout of smaller)
It is usually derived from definitions we find
in dictionaries and the appearance of these
lexical items
Decoding & Encoding

Sentence
Subject Predicate
Determiner

Noun

Determiner
Noun
=> No man is an island.

Verb Complement

 Define the contrastive features of the

following words
STREET
ROAD
LANE

 STREET
+ PAVED
+ PUBLIC USE
+ USUALLY URBAN CONTEXT, BUT
ALSO
FOUND IN VILLAGES AND TOWNS
+ FOR THE PUBLIC TO INTERACT,
ASSEMBLE
AND MOVE ABOUT
+ SOME ARE MULTI-LANE
+ ROADWAYS ALONG EACH SIDE
FOR BICYCLE
AND PEDESTRIAN USAGE
- PRIVATE OWNED
- CONNECTING TWO TOWNS

ROAD

+ THOROUGHFARE
CONNECTING TWO
PLACES/TOWNS
+ COULD BE EITHER PRIVATE
OR PUBLIC OWNED
+ USUALLY PAVED
+ MAINLY FOR THE USE OF
MOTOR VEHICLES
+ INCLUDES BRIDGES,
TUNNELS, SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES, JUNCTIONS,
CROSSINGS,
INTERCHANGES AND TOLL
ROADS
+ NARROW, USUALLY FITS ONLY ONE
MOTOR VEHICLE
- ROADWAYS
ALONG EACH
+ USUALLY IN COUNTRYSIDE/RURALSIDE
AREA
FOR BICYCLE AND
+ SOMETIMES PAVED
PEDESTRIAN USAGE
- MEDIAN
- LANDSCAPING AND SCENERY
- PARKING LANES ON EACH
SIDE

LANE

 Refers to what is communicated by virtue

of what language refers to
the meaning above the conceptual
meaning and it may vary according to
culture, background or society
Can be subjective or unstable
depends very much on how an individual
or society perceives a word
the association that we make in our
mind of what these lexical items
represent

Define:
Boulevard
Street
Lane

Boulevard

urban, modern, hip, short, businesses

Street

urban, well-kept, wide, residential

Road

long, old, main traffic

 Connected with social circumstances

A particular word can tell us sth about
the social background of the speaker
Words can have different meaning on
different stylistic levels within one
language
Main dimensions of stylistic variations
A Relatively permanent features of
lifestyle
INDIVIDUALITY, DIALECT, TIME

 B
DISCOURSE
a) medium (speech, writing)
b) Participation (monologue, dialogue)
C (relatively temporary features of
style)
PROVINCE, STATUS, MODALITY,
SINGULARITY

They chucked a stone at the cops and

then did a bunk with the loot.
After casting a stone at the police, the
absconded with the money.
Sentence 1:
Two criminals talking about crime afterwards
Sentence 2:
The chief inspector making his offical report

 Reflects the emotional state of a

speaker, attitude towards listener &
the thing/notion he or she is referring
to
The importance of intonation
The tone of voice

 Involves interconnection
Reflected meaning arises when a
word has more than one conceptual
meaning or multiple conceptual
meaning

 the meaning which a word acquires in the

company of certain words
refers to associations of a word because of its
usual or habitual co-occurrence with certain
types of words
need to be invoked only when other categories
of meaning dont apply
Generalizations can be made in case of other
meanings while collocative meaning is simply
on idiosyncratic property of individual words.
Collocative meaning has its importance and it is
a marginal kind of category.

Summary term
It includes:
Refleced meaning
Collocative
Affective
Stylistic
Open- ended indeterminate character
Attitude measurement

 What is communicated by the way in

which the message is organized in terms
of order and emphasis
Thematic meaning helps us to understand
the message and its implications properly
the following statements in active and
passive voice have same conceptual
meaning but different communicative
values.

1)Mrs. Smith donated the first prize

2)The first prize was donated by
Mrs. Smith.
In the first sentencewho gave away
the prizeis more important, but in the
second sentencewhat did Mrs. Smith
gave is important.Thus the change
of focus change the meaning also.

 INTENDED is in the mind of a speaker

while uttering message
INTERPRETED is conveyed to the
mind of the listener when he receives
the message