Case Study 100:

Urban Planning The

Case Study of

TOKYO CITY
Bartolome|Nicolas|Reyes|
San Diego|Vergel De Dios

TOKYO

Tokyo has a total land area of 2187.42 square km

Originally known as Edo then Kyoto and renamed as Tokyo (Eastern

Capital).

One of the 47 prefectures of Japan

Capital of Japan

Worlds most populous metropolitan area with upwards of 37.8

million people

Incumbent Governer is Yoichi Masuzoe

Metropolis Population = 13.35 million (May 1, 2014)

Tokyo has the highest GDP of US$1.91 trillion, which topped the list
followed by the second-placed city Paris.

1992 2006, in 14 consecutive years, Tokyo has been considered

as the most expensive city to live in.

LOCATION OF TOKYO AT JAPAN

TOKYO

Composed of: 23 Wards, 26 Cities, 5 Towns and 8

Villages

GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
Measured about 90km east to west and
25km north to south
Average elevation is 40m (131ft)
Bounded by:
East: Chiba Prefecture
West: Yamanashi
South: Kanagawa
North: Saitama

Tokyo, Japan being prone to Earthquakes?

Triple Trench Junction (T-T-T)
North Americal Plate
Pacific Plate
Philippine Sea Plate
Tokyo is 300km away from the Boso Triple Junction
This junction likely has the highest associated insurance risk
in the world, due to proximity to extensive urban
development.

TOKYO
CLIMATE
Humid Subtropical Climate

ENVIRONMENT
As an advocate of Urban Growth, Tokyo has been applied
with numerous approaches to sustain environmental
awareness.
Emissions Cap System
Created by Governor Shintaro Ishihara
It aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission by a total of
25%
The 10 year project for Green Tokyo
Increasing roadside trees

URBAN FORM

City has been shaped as much by Oriental

as by Western Influences. Despite its
radical transformations, it has retained its
pre-modern, Edo Period (1603-1868) urban
structure and predisposition, as well as a
mentality that favors the situational over
predetermined order and an integration
without synthesis.

CULTURAL HERITAGE
TOKYO CULTURAL HERITAGE MAP
ZOJOJI TEMPLE
Standing next to Tokyo Tower, Zojoji Temple (
, Zjji) is the head temple of the Jodo sect
of Japanese Buddhism in the Kanto Region.
The temple was built in the year 1393 and moved to
its present location in 1598 by Tokugawa Ieyasu who
selected it as his family temple. A mausoleum of the
Tokugawa family can be found on the temple
grounds. Most of Zojoji's buildings are recent
reconstructions except for the main entrance gate,
the Sangedatsumon, which has survived the many
past fires, earthquakes and wars and dates from
1622.

CULTURAL HERITAGE
MEIJI-JINGU TEMPLE

Meiji-jingu was founded in 1921 to

enshrine the Emperor and
Empress Meiji, Japans first
sovereign following the demise of
rule by the samurai class.

Most of the major buildings of the

shrine were burned down in 1945
due to air raids during World War
II, but thanks to donations from
Japan and abroad, all were
reconstructed in 1958. With many
large trees still growing in its
grounds, Meiji-jingu is a precious
wooded area in the heart of the
city.

The area is also home to many

birds and insects, and together
with the extensive Yoyogi Koen
(the park beside the shrine), it is a
soothing oasis in the middle of
Tokyo.

Located in Asakusa, part of Taitoku, Tokyo, Senso-ji was -- according

to legend -- founded with the
enshrining of a statue of the
Kannon-Bosatsu (goddess of
mercy) caught in the net of a
fisherman on the Sumida-gawa in
the spring of 628. Members of the
shogunate, based in Kamakura in
present-day Kanagawa Prefecture
in the latter half of the 12th century,
were devout worshippers here.

Most of the buildings were

destroyed by fire during air raids in
World War II. Subsequent
donations by people from all over
the country. however, made it
possible to reconstruct the Kannondo, the Kaminari-mon (the main
front gate) and other parts of the
temple complex. Today, Senso-ji
attracts many visitors from all over
Japan and abroad as one of the
most famous sightseeing spots in
Tokyo.

SENSO-JI TEMPLE

DEMOGRAPHICS
INDUSTRY
POPULATION
As of July 2014 Population: 37.217 million
As of 2005, the most common foreign nationalities found in Tokyo are
Chinese (123,661), Korean (106,697), Filipino (31,077), American
(18,848), British (7,696), Brazilian (5,300) and French (3,000).
As of October 1, 2010, the population aged 15 years and older was
11.492 million persons, of whom 6.013 million were employed and
375,000 fully unemployed within a total labor force population of 6.387
million persons.

22,000 persons (0.4%) were employed in the primary industry of

agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; 0.912 million (15.2%) in the secondary
industry of mining, construction, and manufacturing; and 4.256 million
(70.8%) in the tertiary industry of commerce, transportation,
communication, and services.
OCCUPATION
According to the National Census of 2010, when employed persons were
viewed by the four employment groups, 23,000 persons (0.4%) were
employed in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries; 1.064 million (17.7%) in
manufacturing and transportation-related occupations; 1.575 million
(26.2%) in sales and services; and 2.542 million (42.3%) in clerical,
technical, and management occupations.

TRANSPORTATION IN TOKYO

TRANSPORTATION
IN TOKYO

By air - Tokyo has two airports: Narita

Airport handles the majority of international flights
and only a small number of domestic flights. It is
located 60 kilometers outside of central Tokyo.
The
more
centrally
located
Haneda
Airport handles a smaller number of international
flights and the majority of domestic flights.
By shinkansen - Most Shinkansen lines lead to
Tokyo. The trip from Osaka/Kyoto takes about
three hours. There are also direct trains
to/from Kyushu, Nagano, Niigata and
various
destinations in the Tohoku Region.

Tokyo Narita Airport

Shinkansen

Yamanote Line
Circle line that connects all major city centers.
Keihin-Tohoku Line
Runs parallel to the Yamanote Line on the eastern half
of the circle.
Chuo/Sobu Line (Local)
Runs across the Yamanote circle (local slow service).

Basic Orientation
Tokyo is covered by a dense network of train, subway
and bus lines, which are operated by about a dozen different

Chuo Line (Rapid)

Runs across the Yamanote circle (rapid service). Connects Tokyo Station with Shinjuku Station.
Saikyo Line
Runs parallel to the Yamanote Line on the western half of the circle. From Osaki Station, some
trains continue running along the Rinkai Line in direction of Odaiba.
Shinkansen
Tokaido Shinkansen trains stop at Tokyo and Shinagawa, while bullet trains to the north stop at
Tokyo and Ueno.

Urban Planning
The City Planning Vision for Tokyo, formulated in 2001, was revised
in July 2009 to reect the current circumstances surrounding Tokyo.
Under the basic concept of creating an attractive and prosperous,
environmentally-leading city that will serve as a model for the
world, the vision aims to advance urban planning to not only
bolster Tokyos international competitiveness and ensure safety and
security, but to also place greater importance on the perspectives of
the environment, greenery, and cityscape.

Infrastrucures

Miyashita Interesection (Nakano Ward)

on Loop Road No. 6(Yamate Road)

Loop Road No. 2

(Shinbashi and Toranomon, Minato Ward)

Shin-Takiyama Highway
(near Tangimachi 1-chome, Hachioji City)

Tokyo Narita Airport

Tokyo has world-class transportation and

distribution networks consisting of land, sea, and
air routes. With the ongoing development of
Three Ring Roads, a scheduled increase in the
number of international flights at Tokyo
International Airport (Haneda Airport), and
increased cooperation among Tokyo Port,
Yokohama Port, and Kawasaki Port, Tokyo's
transport infrastructure system will see
significant improvements.

Urban Problem and Solution

Urban problems
As the Capital Tokyo Metropolitan Area expands, the demand for water, both
domestic and industrial has increased considerably, but at the moment and for the
foreseeable future, the water supply in the metropolis is secure.
As for the energy supply, both electricity and gas are sufficient. After two oil
crises, the diversification of power-generating sources has taken place, and the
dependence upon oil has been considerably reduced. The nationwide electricity
supply network has also been developed so as to cope with and adjust to excess
demand at the marginal level through inter-regional supply arrangements.
One of the biggest issues for the local authorities in the metropolis is waste, both
industrial waste and household waste, and in particular non-combustible waste,
not because the technology is not available to process such waste, but rather
because of problems in the geographical location of processing facilities.
The average weight of daily waste per person has almost doubled in the past two
decades, and in the metropolitan areas is twice as great as that in the
metropolitan areas. In Tokyo, 1.1-1.3 kg of waste per person has to be collected
daily. In the city of Tokyo alone, two-thirds of the total waste (2.6 million tons per
year) is processed (burnt), while the other one-third is used for landfill in the bay.

Solutions
The solution to Japans problems, perhaps, is to decentralize everything from Tokyo by
providing job opportunities elsewhere. Nobody chooses to live in a rabbit hutch or crowd
with hundreds of other people on a packed subway train. The only reason people choose
to move to Tokyo because of job opportunities available in the nations capital unavailable
elsewhere.

PEOPLE, CULTURE & SOCIETY

BUILT ENVIRONMENT &

TECHNOLOGY

Japanese society is extremely homogeneous with non-Japanese people

(mainly Chinese and Koreans) accounting for only around one percent of the
population. The family is the basic unit of society and respect for the elders is
of great importance. The group is regarded as more important than the
individual, and social hierarchy is more strictly observed than in the West,
with respect and deference shown to older and more senior people.

Education is extremely highly valued in Japanese society, and

academic achievement is held in great esteem. The importance of hard work
and perseverance is instilled into Japanese children from an early age and
this remains a fundamental belief throughout adulthood.

Science and technology in Japan is mostly focused and prominent in consumer

electronics, robotics and the automotive industry.

Japan is well known for its electronics industry throughout the world, and
Japanese electronic products account for a large share in the world market,
compared to a majority of other countries. Japan is one of the leading nations in
the fields of scientific research, technology, machinery, and medical research
with the world's third largest budget for research and development

Japan is a leading nation in scientific research, particularly biomedical

research.

Japan is the world leader in Technology. If there is something new springs up in

electronics or automotive technology, then it is certainly originating from Japan
only. Such is the speed and energy Japan has

ARCHITECTURE IN TOKYO

Architecture in Tokyo has largely been shaped by Tokyo's

history. Twice in recent history has the metropolis been left in
ruins: first in the 1923 Great Kant earthquake and later
after extensive firebombing in World War II. Because of this,
Tokyo's current urban landscape is one of modern and
contemporary architecture, and older buildings are scarce.

Shinjiku and Mt. Fuji taken from Bunkyo Civic Center

Tokyo Skytree

Tokyo Tower

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building

Tokyo Big Sight

Central Tokyo taken from Roppongi Hills Mori Tower

Tokyo Station

References

http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htm
http://www.lecip.com/images/pdf/LECIP_catalog_bus.pdf
http://www.jrtt.go.jp/11English/pdf/pamphlet.pdf
http://www.japanvisitor.com/tokyo/tokyo-facts
Botond Bognar (1997) World Cities: Tokyo