DA NANG UNIVERSITY OF

TECHNOLOGY
CHEMICAL PETROLEUM
---------SUBJECT:

NGHI SN REFINERY
CRUDE DISTILLATION UNIT

Professor : NGUYN NH LM
Students : HONG TRNG TIN
DNG TH ANH
NG TN QUANG
Class
: 11H5

CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESCRIPTION OF UNIT

INTRODUCTION
1. Unit processing objectives
. The objective of the CDU is to provide primary

separation of crudes to produce straight run

blendstocks of distillate products (after suitable
downstream treatment processes) and feedstocks for
other downstream process units.

INTRODUCTION
1. Feed:
.100% Kuwait Export crude
.The CDU has been designed to process an average

of 9.66 Million Tonnes per

Annum
2. Products:
.Overhead
.Kerosene
.Gasoil
.Residue
4

DESCRIPTION OF UNIT
1.Cold Crude Preheat Section
2.Crude Desalting Section
3.Hot Crude Preheat and Preflash Section
4.Crude Charge Heater Section
5.Crude Distillation Column & Side Strippers

Section
6.Product Cooling & Rundown Section
7.Crude Column Overheads Section
5

The first split (30% of total crude flow rate) is

heated first by Kero Product in the heat exchanger
010-E-002A/B and then by Kero Pumparound in
010-E-004A/B/C/D.
Cold crude oil feedstock from the
offsite storage tanks is pumped by
Offsite Crude Charge Pumps 010-P001A/B/C to the CDU
The second split (45% of total
crude flow rate) is heated by
Atm. Residue Product in 010E-005

which the effluent

desalter
water
makeup from 010-E006A/B/C/D
before
the Crude is heated
in the first exchanger
by Top Pumparound
in 010-E-001A/B/C/D

All the three splits are

then
recombined
and
sent to the Desalting
section. The temperature
of the preheated crude is
around
150C
before
entering
the
desalter
section.

and then split into three

parallel streams under
flow control and the
fallback on differential
pressure control.
The fallback which is under differential
pressure control is heated by AGO Product
in 010-E-003

Cold Crude Pre-heat Section

Demulsifier is added into the dewatered crude from first stage desalter
and mixed intimately with the fresh water (from Desalter Water Surge
Drum 010-V-001) across the second stage mixing valve before entering
the 2nd stage desalter.
Cold
Effluent
from
1st
Crud
stage
desalter is first
e
cooled in exchanger
010-E-006A/B/C/D by
desalter water feed.
The effluent is then
air cooled in 010-AC002 and then passed
through
010-E007A/B under level
control where it is
cooled using cooling
Desalter
water from the second
water
stage desalter is injected in-line to
the heated crude and is then
intimately mixed across a mixing
valve which provides a fixed
pressure drop and enters the 1st
stage desalter of the Desalting

The cooled
effluent
then flows
to the
effluent
treatment
plant
(ETP).

Crude Desalting

Fresh
water
connection
is
provided for desludging of both
the desalters. This water will
also be used for washing tube
bundles of Desalter Effluent Air
Cooler,010-AC-002
The
Desalter
Water
Circulation Pumps, 010-P004 A/B, take water from
the Second Stage Desalter,
and deliver it to the First
Stage Desalter.

Before entering the second

stage desalter, the wash water
is preheated in the Desalter
Water Feed/Effluent Exchanger,
010-E- 006

This water is first collected in

the Desalter Water Surge Drum,
010-V-001,
before
being
pumped into the second stage
of the Desalter Package 010-A001, as well as, into the crude
stream
upfront
the
Cold
Crude/Top PA Exchanger, 010-E001, by the Desalter Water
Makeup Pumps, 010-P-003 A/B
under ratio controlled flow
Stripped sour water from the
Sour Water Stripping Unit (SWS)
and oxygen scavenged service
water (after dosage of
bisulphite) under level control
provide the wash water to the 8

Hot Crude Preheat & Preflash

Section

The desalted crude from 2nd

stage desalter is first split
into three parallel streams for
maximum heat recovery.

A portion of the crude,

under flow control
(45% of total desalted
crude flow rate), is
flashed crude streams
heated first byThe
Kero
at the
outlet of control
Pumparound and
then
valves at each exchanger
by LAGO Pumparound.
trains are recombined and
sent to the Pre Flash Drum.
Second split of the desalted
crude under differential
pressure control, is heated
by Atm Residue.
The remaining portion (25%
of total desalted crude flow
rate) under flow control is
heated by AGO Product.

One of the flashed crude

streams, under flow control, is
heated by LAGO PA & by HAGO
PA.

This combined stream is finally

heated by exchanging heat with
Atmospheric Residue.

The remaining portion

of the
Light hydrocarbons
flash off and
flashed crude which
is heated
are sent
as flashed vapours to
under differential
thepressure
flash zone of the
control by Atm Residue
then Crude Distillation
Atmospheric
combine with the
ealier stream.
Column.

The antifoaming chemical

injection is provided upstream
of the preflash drum to prevent
foaming in the preflash drum.

10

The flashed crude leaving the

pre-flash drum is pumped by
Flashed Crude Pumps and is
split into two streams for
maximum heat recovery.

Preheated
flashed
crude
enters the Crude Charge
Heater at around 302C ,
where it is partially vaporized
before entering the flash zone
of the Crude Distillation
Column . Its 8 passes
parallel.
The
heater
outlet
temperature around 358oC

11

Crude Charge Heating

Section

The Pass Balancing Control

has two objectives:
To control the total flow of
Crude to Charge Heater reset
by Pre-Flash Drum level
Controller.
To equalise the individual
pass outlet temperatures.

12

13

The fuels use for the heater

include : fuel oil and Fuel gas
and spent air ( merox Unit)

The heater outlet

temperature is controlled
through the Burners Control
System, which sends a set
point signal to either fuel oil
or fuel gas control valve,
depending on the type of fuel
being fired. Also, the Burners
Control System receives a
signal from the O2 analyser
to ensure that the desired
heater efficiency is achieved
by the control of excess air

To ensure satisfactory
thermal efficiency from the
heater, the flue gases from
this heater are used to
preheat the combustion air.

14

Reflux between the side streams

is provided by 4 PA circuits: Top PA
over trays 1 to 4, Kero PA over
trays 14 to 16, LAGO PA over trays
23 to 25, and HAGO PA over trays
26 to 28

In the CDU, 010-C-001, the

crude is fractionated into 4
products: KER, LAGO, HAGO
and AR

Partially vaporized crude from

each pass of the crude charge
heater 010-H-001 at around 347359C is combined in the common
transfer line before entering the
flash zone of the CDU (010-C-001).

15

Crude Distillation Column and Side Strippers

The
top
PA
is
circulated by the Top
PA pump, 010-P-006,
and
is
heat
integrated with the
crude
in
heat
exchanger
010-E001
The PA is further cooled in the Top PA Return Air
Cooler 010-AC-001 before being refluxed in the
column.
Crude column top temperature is controlled by duty
control taking input from the crude column top
temperature control, the temperature differential and
flow control of the top PA circuit.
Corrosion inhibitor is injected in the PA pump suction
to reduce corrosion int eh top PA circuit.

16

the LAGO PA Pump, 010-P009, and is heat integrated

with the crude in heat
exchangers 010-E-012 & 010E-010. The temperature of
this section of the crude
column is controlled by a
duty control between the
temperature differential and
flow control of the LAGO PA
circuit.

The HAGO PA is circulated

by HAGO PA Pump, 010-P011 A/B, and is heat
integrated with the crude
by heat exchangers 010E-013.
After
heat
exchange, HAGO PA is
returned
to
the
the
column. Provision is kept
for the HAGO product
draw-off to be taken to
the AGO stripper, 010-C003.

Continuous pumpback to the column is provided for each of

the above PA pumps. Pump back flow-rate is controlled by
chimney tray level. There is also a provision of bypassing the
heat exchanger trains in each of the PA circuits except the
top PA one (which has a provision of a bypass only around
010- E-001).

The kerosene PA is
circulated by the
Kero PA Pump, 010-P007, and is heat
integrated with the
crude
in
heat
exchangers
010-E008 and 010-E-004
The temperature of
this section of the
crude
column
is
controlled by a duty
control between the
temperature
differential and flow
control
of
the
kerosene PA circuit.

17

Crude Column Overhead

Section

The naphtha overhead product, together with stripping steam, is

condensed in the Crude Column Overhead Condenser, 010-AC-006, and
run into the Crude Column Overhead Receiver, 010-V-005, where
vapour, oil and water separate.

Neutraliser (to neutralize acid gases) and Corrosion Inhibitor (to control
corrosion) are injected into the Crude Column overhead line.
There is also a provision of fuel gas in the overhead receiver for
maintaining column pressure during start-up.

18

Deentrained liquid from LP compressor suction drum (011-V001) and 1st stage spillback from LP compressor (011-A-001) of
the LPGRU (Unit 011) is added to the overhead line from the
crude distillation column at the upstream of the overhead
condenser.
The vapour leaves the receiver under a split
range pressure control to the Offgas
Compressor Suction Drum in LPG recovery
unit.
The water phase
from the overhead
receiver
is
pumped
under
level control by
the Sour Water
Pump, 010-P-015
A/B, to the Sour
Water
Stripping
Unit (SWS).

A part of this
overhead
liquid can be
used as cold
reflux and
added to 010AC-001 outlet
during
startups and
for additional
temperature
control
flexibility in
the CDU
overheads.

The oil phase from the receiver is

pumped by the CDU Overhead Liquids
Pumps, 010-P-014 A/B, under level-flow
cascade control, to the LPG recovery unit

19

Product Cooling & Rundown

Section
Kerosene product is drawn
from the main column tray under
stripper level control to the downstream Kerosene Stripper,
010-C-002
The stripper contains 6 valve trays over
which the product is steam stripped
using LP Steam
The Kerosene Product Pump, 010-P008 A/B, takes the product from the
bottom of the stripper and pumps it
to the Cold Crude/Kero Product
Exchanger, 010-E-002A/B

20

The
Kero
Product is then
sent to the
KHDS section

When KHDS is down or not able to draw the entire kerosene

produced, the kerosene product will be routed to the slops
under backpressure control after cooling it in 010-AC-004
(Kerosene product air cooler) and 010-E-017A/B (Kerosene
product trim cooler)

21

AGO product is drawn from the main column tray under

stripper level control to the downstream AGO Stripper, 010C-003.
The stripper contains 6 valve trays over
which the product is steam stripped
using LP Steam
The AGO Product Pump, 010-P-010
A/B, takes the product from the
bottom of the stripper, and then
transfers the AGO Product to the
exchangers 010-E-009A/B and 010E-003 for heat recovery

22

When GOHDS is down or not able to draw the

entire AGO produced, it will be routed to GOHDS
feed storage after further cooling in AGO Product
Air Cooler 010-AC-005.
The
AGO
Product is then
sent
to
the
GOHDS section

23

The bottom product is steam stripped at

the bottom of the Distillation Column,
010-C- 001 with LP Steam and is pumped
by the Atmospheric Residue Pumps, 010P-012 A/B) for heat recovery to the
exchangers 010-E-015, 010- E-014, 010-E011 and 010-E- 005
LP
S
24

The Bottom
Product
is
then sent to
the
RHDS
section

25

Alternately, when RHDS is down, it will be sent to

the Atm residue storage section after cooling down
in the Atm residue/Tempered Water Trim Cooler
010-E- 016