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INTRODUCTION: ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
SITI MAZLEENA
MOHAMED
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
CHAPTER OUTLINE
What is chemical
analysis?
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Discipline of analytical
chemistry
Qualitative
To detect the presence of a
substance in the sample
Quantitative
Is the determination of that
substances
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Steps in analysis
Defining the problem
Selecting the method
Obtain a representative sample
Prepare the sample for analysis
Performing the measurements
Conducting the experiment and gathering the
data
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
1. Defining Problem
Continue
has
the
same
1.
2.
Factors:
i)
ii)
Calibration
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Moles
Moles =
grams
formula weight (g/mol)
Milimoles =
miligrams
Formula weight (mg/mmol)
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Homework (1)
1.
2.
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Example:
Calculate the number of moles in 500 mg
Na2WO4
Solution:
Moles = grams
1 g = 1000 mg
formula weight
=
500 mg/1000
293.8
= 0.0017 mol
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Example:
How many mg are in 0.250 mmol Fe2O3?
Solution:
Milimoles =
miligrams
How do we express
concentrations of
solution?
Example
What is the molarity of a solution of 0.60 g NaCl in
100 mL of solution?
Given, MW NaCl = 58.5 g/mol.
Solution:
No. of mol = 0.60 g
58.5 g/mol
= 0.0102 mol
Molarity
= 0.0102 mol
0.1 L
= 0.102 M
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Try this
How many grams Na2SO4 should be weighted
out to prepare 500 mL of a 0.100 M solution?
Ans: 7.1 g
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Continue
Example:
Calculate the molarity of a potassium hydroxide
(KOH) solution having a density of 1.28 g/mL
and containing 25 percent (by weight) of the
dissolved compound.
Solution:
1)Formula weight of KOH = 39 + 16 + 1 = 56 g/mole.
2)Multiply the solution density by 1000 to calculate
the weight of 1000 ml (1 L) of the solution.
1.28 g/ml x 1000 ml = SMM/FSG/UiTM
1280 g. NS
Continue
Exampl
e:
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Answer: 5.71 mL
Dilutio
n
M1V1 = M2V2
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Solution:
M1V1 = M2V2
(12.1 M) x V1 = (0.100 M) x 500 mL
V1 = (50.0) / 12.1 = 4.13 mL.
Procedures:
Dilute 4.13 mL of concentrated acid in a 500-mL VF
Dilute with distilled water to the 500-mL mark
Invert the flask several times to ensure complete mixing.
1.
2.
3.
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Expressions of Analytical
Results
Solid sample
x 109
x 1012
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Expressions of Analytical
Results
Liquid sample
%w/v =
x 10 6
x 10 9
x 10 12
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Parts per
billion
Abbreviation
ppm
ppb
Units
w/w
w/v
v/v
g/g
g/mL
nL/mL
mg/kg
mg/L
L/L
ng/g
ng/mL
nL/L
g/kg
g/L
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Solution:
%w/v = weight solute (g)
volume sample (mL)
x 100
Preparation of
solution
Step of preparation:
1. Weight a certain quantity of the solid
reagent
2. Dissolve it in a solvent in a volumetric
flask.
SMM/FSG/UiTM NS
Solution:
1 M = 1000 mM
M = mol
L