the mantle, and the core. Scientists study the earths interior through seismic waves. The crust is the thinnest layer. It is divided into continental crust and oceanic crust. The crust is thinnest in the ocean than in the continents.
The mantle is the thickest layer. It is made up of
molten rock. The mantle is divided into upper mantle and lower mantle. The core is the center of the earth. It is divided into liquid outer core and solid inner core. The lithosphere is divided into many plates that move in relation to each other due to tectonic forces.
The plates are structures that support the crust.
They are located above the asthenosphere. These plates move in three different ways. They move away from each other, they collide or move against each other, or they slide past each other. Plate boundaries are areas where two plates meet. Plates collide at a convergent plate boundary; they move apart in the divergent boundary and slide past over another in a transform fault boundary.
Geology is the science that deals with the study of
the earth, its history and the various processes that shape it. An earthquake is a sudden movement or vibration in the earths crust. This sudden motion causes seismic waves to radiate from their point of origin called the focus and travel directly above the focus called the epicenter. Earthquakes are strongest near their epicenter. The closer an earthquake is to its epicenter, the stronger it is.
Strong and devastating earthquakes are related
to the sudden movement of tectonic plates. This earthquake is called tectonic earthquake. Earthquakes are triggered by volcanic activities. This earthquake is called a volcanic earthquake. The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area circling the Pacific Ocean where earthquakes and volcanic activities occur in this area. The Philippines is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
A seismograph measures the magnitude and intensity
of an earthquake. Magnitude is the energy released by an earthquake. Magnitude is measured using a Richter Scale. Intensity is a measure of how much damage an earthquake causes on the surface. Intensity is measured on the Mercalli Intensity Scale. A volcano is an opening at the earths crust where gases, pyroclasts, and lava are ejected on to the surface. Volcanoes are classified using different bases.
According to the shape and composition of the
cone, volcanoes are classified as having a composite cone, cinder cone, and shield cone. According to an activity, volcanoes are classified as active, dormant, and extinct. Volcanic eruption may be violent or quiet, depending on the composition of the molten material.
Volcanic eruptions can cause serious human,
economic, and environmental impacts, but volcanoes can also be rich sources of materials and provide benefits to man and all sectors of society. Volcanic eruption preparedness includes knowing what to do before, during, and after an earthquake to minimize damage.