01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus

WCDMA
RNP&RNO
Conspectus
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.
HUAWEI Confidential
www.huawei.com
Main Topics
WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures
WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures
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WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures
WCDMA RNP Overview

WCDMA Radio Network Dimensioning
WCDMA Nominal Planning
WCDMA Final Design
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Definition & Scope
RNP Definition
According to deployment and evolution requirements, as well as costeffectiveness consideration, generate the amount of Network Elements (NE),
NE configuration, and Transmission design between different NE.
Network Planning Scope

Core network focus on CN element dimension and configuration.
Radio network focus on RAN element dimension and configuration
Transmission network
Core Network
focus on link dimension and

configuration between network elements.
RNS
Iu
Iu
Iur
RNC
Iub
Node B
HUAWEI Confidential
Iub
Node B
RNS
RNC
Iub
Node B
Iub
Node B
WCDMA network planning

solution
WCDMA Radio network planning (NodeB/RNC)
WCDMA Transmission network planning (Iu/Iur/Iub)
WCDMA Core network planning (CS/PS domain)
WCDMA RNP tools development
Network KPI
Soft-handover ratio and probability

Best Server Distribution
Access probability of
different services
U-Net
Huawei
Pilot pollution
Estimation result
CE dimension
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Objectives of network planning
The
TheRF
RFDesign
Designof
ofwireless
wirelesssystem
systemrevolves
revolvesfour
four
main
mainprinciples.
principles.These
Theseprinciples
principlesare
areCoverage
Coverage,,
Capacity
Capacity,,Quality
Qualityand
andCost
Cost..And
Andfurther,
further,adapt
adaptto
to
the
thefuture
futurenetwork
networkdevelopment
developmentand
andexpansion.
expansion.
Coverage
Capacity
Quality
Cost
Realization of excellent balance of all aspects via network planning

HUAWEI Confidential
Difference between WCDMA and GSM

GSM
WCDMA
Adopts cellular network structure
Realize 11 frequency reuse
and frequency planning to guarantee
intra/inter-frequency interference
for it is related to environment and
Users supported can be calculated
neighbor cell interference.
from carriers and timeslots if the
Supports multiple services with
interference meets the requirements.

Provides voice service
different speed rate and QoS, and each

service has different coverage range.
384K
The capacity per WCDMA cell is soft
144K
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64K
12.2K
WCDMA RNP procedure

overview
Capacity
Deployment
Interference
Coverage
Quality
Dimensioning
Site survey
Detailed planning
& pre-optimization
Nominal Planning
Final design
preparation
Preliminary design
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CONTENTS
WCDMA RNP Overview

WCDMA Preliminary Design
WCDMA Cell Planning
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Input & Output

Input
Output
Coverage related
Coverage area
Coverage
dimensioning
probability
Capacity related
Coverage design
Service model
User density
QoS requirements
GoS requirements
Demodulation
System
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Sector structure
Number of carriers
Cost on network
construction
Capacity design
threshold
Number of sites
configuration
Traffic model
Quality related
System
10
Site cost
Equipment cost
WCDMA Link Budget
PL_DL
Soft Handover
Area
Antenna
Cable

Duplexer
SHO Gain
Slow Fading Margin

Penetration Loss
Interference Margin
Fast Fading Margin
Margin for
Background Noise
PL_UL
TX RX
Node B
Antenna

Duplexer
Body Loss
Interference Margin
Fast Fading Margin
Margin for Background
Noise
TX RX
UE
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Receiver Sensitivity
PDCH_Max
Minimum Required Signal Strength
EiRP
PUE_Max
11
Network Dimension flow

chart
Service-specific Information
Service Type, Proportion
Service Density
Service Forecast
Applicable Propagation Model
COST231-HATA,
...
COST231-HATA,.. .
UL cell range
with
specific
UL
loading
DL Loading
in specific
circumstances
Cell Range
Geographical information
DU
km2
2
U DU
km??km^2
2
km^2
SUU
km??
2
SU
??km^2
RA
km
2
RA
HW
km??km^2
HW
??km
Number of Site
Shrink the Cell

Y (Capacity-limited)
Cell Range
Add the amount of configuration
(sectorization, carriers,...)
Adjust
UL loading
Downwards
If the upper limit

of configuration
be reached
Equal to
Cell Loading vs.
Maximum Allowable Value
SiteConfiguration
Large than
Less than (Coverage-limited)
HUAWEI Confidential
12
CONTENTS
WCDMA RNP Overview

WCDMA Final Design
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13
Nominal Planning
Based on the result of network dimension, preliminary design

present Information of theoretical sites including following :
Site coordinates.
Engineering parameters such as Antenna height, azimuths and tilts.
Radio parameters such as scrambling code ,transmit power of

different channels , etc.
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14
Preliminary design flow chart
HUAWEI Confidential
15
WCDMA simulation
About simulation
Unlike GSM network, in CDMA coverage and capacity are too interrelated to be predicted accurately, so we introduced Monte Carlo
simulation to evaluate the performance of a radio network.
Ec Ec/Io pilot pollution distribution
Soft (softer) handover area analysis
UE transmit power
Eb/No, access successful rate of each service
Monte Carlo is a static simulation

During Monte Carlo simulation, the performance of the network is analyzed
over various instances in time (snapshot), where UEs are in statistically
determined places with the given traffic model. The ability of each terminal to
make its connection to the network is calculated through an iterative process.
HUAWEI Confidential
16
Simulation flow-chart
RNP Input &
Equipment
configuration
Run Pilot
Field
Strength
Prediction
Setup
network
Design
Traffic model
Pilot
Level
OK?
Traffic
Forecast
Avail?
YES
NO
NO
YES
Neighborhood
planning criteria
Output
parameters
Scrambling code
allocation criteria
Neighbors planning&
Scrambling code
allocation
YES
Run UMTS
Traffic
simulation
NO
Performance
Requirements
Fulfilled?
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Setup fixed
Load values
Make predictions
(Services)
17
Simulation output
Simulation output
Pilot coverage (Ec, Ec/Io) in the

target areas
Best server plot
Coverage probability distribution of
each service
Access failure distribution and
statistic of each service
Continuous coverage areas of each
service
Cell load distribution of downlink and
uplink
Pilot pollution distribution
Soft handover areas statistic of each
service
HUAWEI Confidential
18
Preliminary design output

InInpreliminary
preliminarydesign
designstage,
stage,we
wechoose
chooseinitial
initialsites,
sites,do
donetwork
networkperformance
performance
simulation,
simulation, conduct
conduct adjustment
adjustment according
according toto the
the simulation
simulation result,
result, until
until
finally
finallywe
weget
getall
allperformance
performancerequirements
requirementsfulfilled,
fulfilled,then
thenwe
wecan
canoutput
outputthe
the
<<XX
<<XX project
project WCDMA
WCDMARadio
Radio Network
Network preliminary
preliminary design
design Report>>
Report>> with
with
following
followingcontents:
contents:
Project background introduction
Target areas information such as population, district division etc.
Radio network solution: sites distribution plot, sites list etc.
Performance summary based on the simulation result.
Annex: simulation output
HUAWEI Confidential
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CONTENTS
WCDMA RNP Overview

WCDMA Final Design
HUAWEI Confidential
20
Final Design flowchart

Based
on
Based
onthe
thepreliminary
preliminarydesign
designreport,
report,
we
weconduct
conductmore
moredetailed
detailedcell
cellplanning.
planning.
Radio network
preliminary plan
report
Yes
Output Search
Rings
Site list
2G site or not
New site or not
No
Yes
Identify theoretical
site
No
Confirm site
conditions
or not
No
Site survey
No
Site survey report
Yes
Noise test
Noise test report
Meet site
requirements
or not
Yes
HUAWEI Confidential
21
Site Survey
For each theoretical site, a physical site will be acquired in this phase
through
following steps:
Define search areas

A3rd
Identify candidate sites
D1st
Site ranking
C2nd
Site acquisition
B - Unsuitable
A suitable physical site
Give adequate radio coverage.
Have connectivity into the transmission network.
Be aesthetically and politically acceptable to the local community.
Have power nearby, good access and a co-operative owner.
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22
Site Survey report
The surveyor will prepare a report listing the options,

and following items will included in the report:
Accurate grid reference.
Accurate height of structures or available antenna windows.
Photographs of the site.
360 panoramic photos from site or if obstructed from

nearby location/structure.
From site survey report, RNP engineers can derive

appropriate site location, antenna type,
height, azimuth, down tilt, etc.
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23
Verification by system simulation
It is an iterative process to
verify the final design until
all the requirements are
fulfilled
Coverage prediction
Are
Requirement
s Fulfilled?
RNP
Planning
results
Traffic distribution
System simulation
HUAWEI Confidential
24
WCDMA RNP output

After
Afterperformance
performanceverification
verificationby
bysimulation,
simulation,we
weproduce
produce<<XX
<<XXproject
project
RNP
RNPreport>>
report>>with
withmore
moredetailed
detailedcontents.
contents.In
Inorder
orderto
toguide
guidethe
theproject
project
implementation,
implementation,the
thereport
reportshould
shouldalso
alsoinclude
includefollowing
followingitems
items
LAC, RAC, SAC Plan
Neighbor relation plan (intra-frequency, interfrequency, and inter-system)
Frequency plan
Scrambling code plan
Power allocation for each channel
Handover parameters
Access control parameters
Other radio parameters
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25
WCDMA RNP summary
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Main Topics
WCDMA RNP Principles and

Procedures
WCDMA RNO Principles and

Procedures
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27
Brief Introduction
Single Site Verification
Radio Frequency Optimization
Parameters Optimization
Regular Testing & KPI Analysis
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28
Network Optimization
To enhance network
Target
performance
--- e.g. coverage/accessibility/mobility
To resolve specific issues

--- e.g. interference/coverage
To improve subscribers QoE

--- e.g. service quality/drop calls
To enhance network stability

--- e.g. traffic increase/upgrade
HUAWEI Confidential
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Optimization throughout Life

Cycle
Subs.
Number
Drop call
RF adjustment
Congestion
Para. adjustment
Poor quality
Maintenance and upgrade
Access failure
Single site
verification
P
an rob
a
le
re lysis m
so
lut and
ion
Pre-launch
optimization
Network expansion
Customized and
differentiated
services
Billing
strategies
Investme
nt
RF plan
review
Construction
phase
Troubleshooting
DT & CQT
Commerci
al launch
KPI
analysis
Return
Complaints
Mature phase
Balancing
Booming phase
Potential Seeking
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30
Time
Network Optimization
Phases
Optimization
preparation
RF optimization
Service test and

parameter
optimization
New site integrated
Routine drive test

and stats.
analysis
Single site verification
80 sites in
the
cluster ready?
Acceptance
criteria
satisfied?
Acceptance
HUAWEI Confidential
31
Network
Optimization
n Single site verification
o
i
t
ra Phases
To verify the functionality of new sites
a
p
e
Pr
a
h
P
se
--- e.g. site installation, basic functions of
a
h
P
se
a
h
P
To control interference & pilot pollution
To optimize coverage & 3G neighbor lists
Services test & para.

optimization
se
the cell
RF optimization
To evaluate network performance
Regular
route
testing
& stats.
To optimize
network
parameters
analysis
To monitor & evaluate network performance
To identify & solve new network issues

--- e.g. issues caused by traffic increase
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Brief Introduction
HUAWEI Confidential
33
Site Verification Target
To verify cell coverage
To investigate interference
NodeB RTWP & CPICH Ec/Io
To verify site installation
CPICH RSCP
e.g. PA/antenna/feeders issues
To check service function
CS call & PS attach/detach
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34
Site Verification Items
Cell basic information confirm
Item: frequency, SC, LAC/RAC
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: basic parameters check
Cell coverage verification
Item: CPICH RSCP
Tool: engineering UE or scanner
Purpose: identify equipment issues

--- e.g. PA, antenna, feeder connection,
etc
HUAWEI Confidential
35
Site Verification Items
Cell interference investigation
Item: NodeB RTWP, CPICH Ec/Io
Tool: NodeB LMT, engineering UE or

scanner
Purpose: UL/DL interference investigation
Service function verification
Item: voice (MO/MT), VP (MO/MT)

PS attach/detach, PDP activation
Tool: engineering UE
Purpose: CS/PS service function check
HUAWEI Confidential
36
Example: Site Verification

An example Check list
Checklist
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37
Brief Introduction
HUAWEI Confidential
38
RF Optimization Target
To optimize coverage
To minimize pilot pollution
To optimize cell dominance
To optimize neighbor cell list
To resolve RF-related drop calls
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39
RF Optimization
Procedure
Drive
Drive test
test
Identify
Identify RF
RF issues
issues
Identify
Identify
Determine
Identify candidate
candidate
Identify nature
nature of
of
Determine amount
amount
cells
required
cells for
for changes
changes
required changes
changes of
of changes
changes
Implement
Implement changes
changes
Repeat
Repeat drive
drive test
test
N
Problem
Problem resolved?
resolved?
Y
Finished
Finished
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40
RF Parameters
Optimization
Engineering parameters
adjustment
To adjust antenna down tilt
To adjust antenna azimuth
To adjust antenna location
To adjust antenna height
To replace antenna
To replace site
To add new cell
Radio part parameters

adjustment
To optimize neighbor cell list
HUAWEI Confidential
41
CPICH Coverage
Optimization
CPICH coverage
analysis:
Poor coverage cells
Over shooting cells
UL & DL coverage
imbalance
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or
tilt;
(2)Increase ant. height;
(3)Replace high-gain
antenna;
(4)Add new cells;
Ways to optimize:
(1)Adjust ant. azimuth or
tilt;
(2)Decrease ant. height;
(3)Adjust CPICH power
Ways to optimize:
(1)UL or DL coverage
limited?
(2)Optimize UL or DL
interference
HUAWEI Confidential
42
Poor Coverage: Example
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43
Cell Dominance
Optimization
Cell
dominance
analysis:
Cells with no dominance at all
To indicate the site not radiating
or to indicate antennas blocking
Site visit
needed
Cells with excessive or poor

dominance
Due to non-optimum antenna tilts

(1) Frequent soft HO
or due to a high site
(2) Interference to
adjacent cells
Areas of non-dominance
Due to no a single clear dominant cell
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44
Poor Cell Dominance:

Example
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45
Pilot Pollution
Minimization
Pilot pollution
Pilot pollution will result in:
(1) low signal quality
(2) decreased system
capacity
(3) Call drops easier
definition:
SHO candidates (A)
Active set size (B)
If A>B, pilot pollution exists
Ways to
optimize:
(1) Antenna
adjustment
(e.g. azimuth or
down tilt)
(2) Pilot power
optimization
HUAWEI Confidential
46
Pilot Pollution: Example
HUAWEI Confidential
47
Neighbor Cell List Optimization

Drive test (service
Drop calls during moving
test):
Neighbor cell list

influences:
(1) Service Handover (drop
call)
(2) Cell Reselection
Neighbor list
classification:
Intra-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-freq. neighbor cell list
Inter-RAT neighbor cell list
How to optimize?
How to optimize neighbor cell

List?
(1)Compare coverage difference
b/w Scanner and UE
(2) Add missing neighbor cells
(3) Remove useless neighbor
cells
Data collection: drive test
Data comparison: scanner, UE
HUAWEI Confidential
48
RF-related Drop Calls

Problems
Poor coverage
Appearanc
Poor
e RSCP & Ec/Io
High interference
Poor Ec/Io or RTWP
Poor UL coverage
UE max Tx power
Poor dominance
many SHO events
Pilot pollution
many cells present
Missing neighbors
Fast change of RF conditions
usually causes drop calls, e.g.
turning a corner.
HUAWEI Confidential
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Brief Introduction
HUAWEI Confidential
50
Para. Optimization
Target
Para. optimization
is an important
step
after RF
optimization
To reduce access failures
To reduce drop calls
To enhance service quality
Service quality and network

resources utilization
will be improved after para.
optimization
HUAWEI Confidential
51
Parameters to be Optimized
CCCH power allocation para.
RL maximum power para.
Cell re-selection para.
Intra-freq. handover para.
Inter-RAT handover para.
Power control para.
Access power para.
Other related para.
Seldom adjusted
An effective way
to reduce drop
calls
The influence caused by the
cell parameters adjustment
should be analyzed
carefully.
HUAWEI Confidential
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Brief Introduction
HUAWEI Confidential
53
Regular Drive Testing Target
To get benchmark of the performance

of the network and users experience
To monitor the progress of on-going

optimisation activities
To validate new features of the RAN
To identify degradation in coverage
call setup SR,

call drop rate,
PS
throughputs
and/or increase in interference
Routine drive tests should

be carried out (e.g. on
monthly)
HUAWEI Confidential
As a result of
increased traffic or
changes in
environment
54
Routine Stats. Analysis Target
To benchmark network performance
To monitor traffic volumes & patterns
To assess impact of parameter

changes
To identify poorly performing cells
To provide triggers for network

upgrade decisions
HUAWEI Confidential
55
KPI Analysis: RRC Connection setup

SR Main reasons for failed RRC connection
setups:
(1) poor coverage;
(2) low FACH power
HUAWEI Confidential
56
KPI Analysis: CS RAB setup SR
Possible reasons for RAB Setup failures:

(1) poor coverage; (2) no enough
resource
HUAWEI Confidential
57
KPI Analysis: CS Drop Calls

Typical reasons for drop calls:
(1) poor coverage (e.g. SRB/TRB
reset);
(2) Strong UL/DL interference
(3) Insufficient handover area
HUAWEI Confidential
58
KPI Analysis: Inter-RAT HO SR
e.g. BSIC wrong

configured
in 3G network
Data discrepancies between 3G network and

2G network have direct impact on inter-RAT
HO SR.
HUAWEI Confidential
59
Professional Optimization
Tools
Performance/alarms
/configurations/
engineering para.
iManagerTM M2000
Capture test data
GENEX
Nastar
Par
am
Analysis Result
sharing
file
GENEX Probe
AGILENT
QUALCOMM
ete
ro
dis ptimiz
trib
utio ation
n
RAN auto
configuration
console
Node B
RNC
Node B
HLR/AC
GENEX
Assistant
Node B
RNS
HUAWEI RNC
MSC/SSP/VLR
Node B
RNC
GENEX
Probe
RNC
mea
su
repo rement
rt
CN
Node B
Node BRNS
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GMSC/SSP
60
PSTN
PLMN
ISDN
Summary
To provide better quality
of
experience for
Subscribers
To provide a more
competitive
network for Operator
UMTS
Network
Optimization
Trade-off between
optimized coverage,
capacity, quality
HUAWEI Confidential
Ongoing optimization
across network life
cycle
61
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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WCDMA

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures

WCDMA RNO Principles and Procedures

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RNP Principles and Procedures

WCDMA RNP Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Definition & Scope

Network Planning Scope

Radio network focus on RAN element dimension and configuration

focus on link dimension and

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA network planning

WCDMA Radio network planning (NodeB/RNC)

WCDMA Transmission network planning (Iu/Iur/Iub)

WCDMA Core network planning (CS/PS domain)

WCDMA RNP tools development

Soft-handover ratio and probability

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Objectives of network planning

Realization of excellent balance of all aspects via network planning

Difference between WCDMA and GSM

Adopts cellular network structure

Realize 11 frequency reuse

and frequency planning to guarantee

for it is related to environment and

Users supported can be calculated

neighbor cell interference.

from carriers and timeslots if the

Supports multiple services with

interference meets the requirements.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

different speed rate and QoS, and each

The capacity per WCDMA cell is soft

WCDMA RNP procedure

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RNP Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Input & Output

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA Link Budget

Slow Fading Margin

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Network Dimension flow

Applicable Propagation Model

Shrink the Cell

If the upper limit

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

WCDMA RNP Overview

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Based on the result of network dimension, preliminary design

Engineering parameters such as Antenna height, azimuths and tilts.

Radio parameters such as scrambling code ,transmit power of

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Preliminary design flow chart

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Ec Ec/Io pilot pollution distribution

Soft (softer) handover area analysis

Eb/No, access successful rate of each service

Monte Carlo is a static simulation

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES Co., Ltd.

Pilot coverage (Ec, Ec/Io) in the

01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus

01 Wcdma Rnp&Rno Conspectus