The .

NET Framework

The .NET Framework

Agenda
What is the .NET framework?
An overview of the CLR the .NET virtual machine
A comparison between the CLR and the JVM
A brief intro to C#
Hello World!

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Command Line
GUI

The .NET Framework

What is the .NET framework?

.NET
Application

A software platform
.NET Framework

Language neutral

Operating System +
Hardware

Provides a runtime and a set of common libraries for writing and

executing written programs in any compliant language.
The runtime is called the .NET CLR (Common Language
Runtime) similar to the Java Runtime

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The .NET Framework

Common Language Runtime

Includes a virtual machine (similar to the Java VM)
The CLR provides a secure sandboxed environment for running
MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) code similar to Java
byte code.
Activates objects
Performs security checks
Allocates memory for the objects
Executes
Keeps track of references to the objects
Handles garbage collection

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The .NET Framework

Inside The .NET Framework

VB

C++

C#

J#

Common Language Specification

Windows
Forms

ADO .NET and XML

Base Class Library
Common Language Runtime

Visual Studio .NET

ASP .NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit

Secure, integrated class

libraries
Unifies programming
models across
languages
Enables crosslanguage integration
Factored for
extensibility
Designed for tools

Operating System

ASP.NET
High-productivity environment
for building and running
Web services
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Common Language Runtime

Executes code, maintains
security, handles component
plumbing and dependencies

The .NET Framework

The .NET Framework

A comparison with the Java platform

VB

C++

C#

J#

Common Language Specification

Windows
Forms

ADO .NET and XML

Base Class Library

Visual Studio .NET

ASP .NET
Web Forms Web Services
Mobile Internet Toolkit

Common Language Runtime

Operating System

Multiple languages Same base

class library, allowing knowledge
reuse.
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One Language

The .NET Framework

.NET Language Support

Common Language Specification

First class support for all CLS compliant languages

Microsoft provided languages

Visual Basic, C#, C++, J#, JScript

3rd-party provided languages

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APL, Cobol, Component Pascal, Eiffel, Fortran, Haskell, Mercury, Oberon,

Oz, Perl, Python, RPG, Scheme, Smalltalk, Standard ML, Ruby, Delphi and
the list is growing!

The .NET Framework

The .NET Framework Class Library

Spans All Programming Languages

Enables cross-language inheritance and debugging

Integrates well with tools

Is Object-Oriented and Consistent

Enhances developer productivity by reducing the number of

APIs to learn

Has a Built-In Common Type System

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/zcx1eb1e(v=vs.110).aspx

Is Extensible

Makes it easy to add or modify framework features

Is Secure

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Allows creation of secure applications

The .NET Framework

Common Classes
.NET Framework Class Library

System.Web
Services
Description
Discovery
Protocols

System.Windows.Forms

UI
HtmlControls

Design

ComponentModel

WebControls
System.Drawing

Caching

Security

Drawing2D

Printing

Configuration

SessionState

Imaging

Text

System.Data

System.Xml

OleDb

SqlClient

XSLT

Common

SQLTypes

XPath

Serialization

System
Collections

IO

Security

Configuration

Net

ServiceProcess

Diagnostics

Reflection

Text

Remoting

Globalization

Resources

Threading

Serialization

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Runtime
InteropServices

The .NET Framework

Lifecycle
Compilation and Execution

Compilation
Source
Code

Language
Compiler

Native
Code

JIT
Compiler
Execution

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Code (IL)

Assembly
Metadata

At installation or the
first time each method
is called

The .NET Framework

Assemblies
ManagedModule
Module
Managed
(MSILand
andMetadata)
Metadata)
(MSIL
ManagedModule
Module
Managed
(MSILand
andMetadata)
Metadata)
(MSIL

Assembly
Assembly

Manifest
Manifest

.html
.gif

Resource Files

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Multiple Managed
Modules and
Resource Files
Are Compiled to
Produce an Assembly

The .NET Framework

The Process of Managed Execution

EXE/DLL
EXE/DLL
(MSIL
(MSILand
and

Compiler
Compiler

metadata)
metadata)
Class
Class
Libraries
Libraries
(MSIL
(MSILand
and

Class
Class Loader
Loader
JIT
JIT Compiler
Compiler
with
with optional
optional
verification
verification

metadata)
metadata)

Trusted,
pre-JITed
code only

Managed
Native
Code

Call to an
uncompiled
method

Execution
Security Checks

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Runtime Engine

Source
Source
Code
Code

The .NET Framework

Build System MS Build

The underlying build engine in Visual Studio 2005
Fully open and published XML file format for describing
build
Visual Studio 2005 build is fully customizable
You extend the build by writing managed code (tasks and
loggers)
You dont need the IDE to build Visual Studio projects
MSBuild.exe MyProj.proj /property:Configuration=Debug

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The .NET Framework

The Building Blocks

Overall architecture of MSBuild and Team Build
Team Build

.NET Framework 2.0 Redist

Web Service

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MSBuild.exe

Tasks

.TARGETS

Loggers

Visual Studio 2005

project system

Team Foundation Server

MSBuild (core components)

Engine

Loggers

Tasks

.TARGETS

.NET Framework 2.0

Source
control

Work
item
tracking

The .NET Framework

Team Build
Build Execution

Get sources from

source control

Build projects
(including code
analysis)

Run tests and

gather code
coverage

Update
work items

Publish
build outputs

Produce build
report and send
mail

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The .NET Framework

Deployment
Requires the .NET Runtime to Be Installed on Local Computer
Can Be Run Directly from a File Server or Copied Locally
Make No Registry Entries
Cannot Break Another Application
Eliminate DLL Hell
Can Be Uninstalled by Deleting Locally Copied File(s)

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The .NET Framework

ClickOnce Deployment
Windows-based rich client application deployed as a web
application.

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The .NET Framework

Application Security

.NET Framework Security Features

Code Access Security
Role-Based Security
Cryptography
Securing ASP.NET Web Applications
Securing ASP.NET Web Services

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The .NET Framework

The C# language
Very similar to Java
70% Java, 10% C++, 5% Visual Basic, 15% new
As in Java

Object-orientation (single inheritance)

Interfaces
Exceptions
Threads
Namespaces (like Packages)
Strong typing
Garbage Collection
Reflection
Dynamic loading of code
...

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As in C++
(Operator) Overloading
Pointer arithmetic in unsafe
code
Some syntactic details

The .NET Framework

New Features in C#

Really new (compared to Java)

References and output parameters

Objects on the stack (structs)
Enumerations
Unified Type System (CTS)
Versioning
Attributes

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Syntactic Sugar

Delegates
Indexers
Operator overloading
foreach statements
Boxing/unboxing

The .NET Framework

Compilation
Command Line

Assembly

Source code
Compiler
csc.exe

DLL or EXE

csc /out:parceltracker.dll /debug+ /target:library parceltracker.cs

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The .NET Framework

Hello C# World
Command Line
File HelloWorld.cs
using System;
class HelloWorld
{
static void Main()
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, C# World");
}
}

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uses
usesthe
thenamespace
namespace
System
System
entry
entrypoint
pointmust
mustbe
be
called
calledMain
Main
output
outputgoes
goestotothe
the
console
console
file
filename
nameand
andclass
class
name
name
need
neednot
notbe
beidentical
identical

The .NET Framework

Compiler Options
Command Line
Compile Directly from a Command Prompt Window
C:\>csc
C:\>csc HelloWorld.cs
HelloWorld.cs

Use /t to indicate target

C:\>csc
C:\>csc /t:exe
/t:exe HelloWorld.cs
HelloWorld.cs

C:\>csc
/t:exe
/reference:assemb1.dll
HelloWorld.cs
Use
/reference
to reference
assemblies
C:\>csc
/t:exe
/reference:assemb1.dll
HelloWorld.cs

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The .NET Framework

Compiling
Visual Studio

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The .NET Framework

Hello World
GUI

public partial class Form1 : Form

{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void buttonSayHello_Click(object sender,
EventArgs e)
{
MessageBox.Show("Hello World!");
}
}
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The .NET Framework

Further reading
The C# Language Specification ECMA 334
Professional C# 2005
C# 2.0, The Complete Reference Herbert Schildt
Professional .NET Framework 2.0 Joe Duffy

Good links
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com
http://www.thecodeproject.com
http://windowsforms.net
http://www.gotdotnet.com/
http://msdn.microsoft.com/netframework/using/

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The .NET Framework

Summary
What You Did
Write a command line
client
Write a GUI client

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What You Learned

An overview of the .NET
framework
An introduction to the C#
programming language

End of Lesson