Unit III

Unit III: Internet, Security and ECommerce

Introduction,
History and Core features of the

Internet,
Internet Applications,
Internet and World Wide Web,
Extranet and E-mail,
Mobile Computing,
Electronic Commerce,
Types of E-Commerce and their utilities

 Internet is Interconnection of large number of

heterogeneous computer networks all over the world

that can share information back and forth.

Internet
Interconnection of large number of heterogeneous

computer networks all over the world

Can share information back and forth.
These
Interconnected
Network
Exchange
Information by using same Standards and
Protocols

The Internet is a global system of

interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet protocol suite (often called
TCP/IP,) to serve billions of users worldwide.

Internet
A system connecting computers around the world

using TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission

Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, a set of
standards for transmitting and receiving digital
data.
TCP/IP is the basic communication language or
protocol of the Internet.

History
The

Internet grew out of the

Advanced
Research
Projects
Agency's Wide Area Network
(then called ARPANET) established
by the US Department Of Defense in
1960s for collaboration in military
research
among
business
and
government
laboratories.

History cont.
Later

universities and other US institutions

connected to it. This resulted in ARPANET
growing beyond everyone's expectations and
acquiring the name 'Internet.'
The development of hypertext based
technology (called World Wide web, WWW,
or just the Web) provided means of displaying
text, graphics, and animations, and easy search
and navigation tools that triggered Internet's
explosive
worldwide
growth.

History cont.
Protocol is a network term used

to indicate the standard used

by a network for communication.
Information technology brought
TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol) in to
the world of networking.

History cont.
TCP converts messages into streams of

packets at the source, and they are

reassembled back into messages at the
destination.
IP handles the dispatch of these packets.
It handles the addressing, and makes sure
that a packet reaches its destination
through multiple nodes and even across
multiple networks with multiple standards.

History cont.
This flexibility of TCP/IP to handle multiple

networks
with
multiple
protocols
encourages
other
networks
to
get
connected to ARPANET. Slowly the
ARPANET became a massive network
of networks and now it is known as
Internet.

To Connect to the Internet, a Computer requires

mainly three kinds of Software :
1. TCP/IP: It is the basic communication protocol of
the internet. It allows programs on users computer to
communicate properly over the Internet.
2. Dialer Software : It is provided by the ISP to
instruct the Modem to dial the Phone number, and
identify the users machine to the access Providers
system for access to the network.
3.Browser : It allows the user to view the information
available on the World Wide Web.

Uses of Internet
On-line journals and magazines
On-line shopping
Worldwide video conferencing
Job searches
Finding books and study material
Health and medicine
Travel

Uses of Internet

Uses of Internet
Chat Room :- Activity allowing
two or more Internet users to
converse in writing in real time.

E-Mail
:- Service by which
messages
are
exchanged
between users of a computer
network.

Uses of Internet
Online Game :- Video
game accessible over the
Internet;

Home User :- Anyone can

access the Internet from
home through an Internet
service provider (ISP).

Uses of Internet

Educational Institution :The

Internet
provides
teachers, researchers and
students
with
countless
opportunities to research and
exchange information.

Uses of Internet
Government Organization

:- To communicate
with other organizations and with the citizens they
serve.

E-Commerce :- Sale or
promotion of Products and
Services over the Internet.

Uses of Internet
Health Organization :The
Internet
fosters
exchanges
between
researchers,
health
professionals and patients.
Search:Locating
information; it is usually
done with the help of a
Search Engine.

Uses of Internet

Industry :- The Internet

allows a manufacturer to
communicate
with
its
Suppliers, Customers and
Regulatory Bodies.

Uses of Internet
Database :- Group of data related to the same

topic that is arranged in order and available for

direct consultation by several users.

- 121m online users and growing fast

. India is the third biggest country in terms of

internet users in the world, with a highly social and

mobile audience. It's estimated as many as 121
million Indians are logged onto the internet. It is a
sizeable number, but still a relatively small
proportion of the country's 1.2 billion population

Internet and Technology

applications
There are a number of strategic uses of the
Internet within business. These include:

1. Corporate activities
2.Market intelligence
3.Customer relations
4.Selling
5.Marketing

1. Corporate activities
Enhancing corporate communications
Improving public relations
Providing new ways to recruit employees
Developing electronic publishing and new

information services
Achieving cost savings and efficiencies
Reducing distribution costs.

2.Market intelligence
Monitoring customer discussions and

attitudes
Monitoring customer-developed websites
Monitoring competitor activities
Conducting market research

3.Customer relations
Providing product information repositories
Providing customer support
Obtaining customer feedback
Providing directory services.

4.Selling
Electronic stores or malls
Order taking and providing information on

order status
Distribution of digital data.

5.Marketing
Finding new customers
Educating customers
Building credibility with potential customers
Building goodwill
Improving brand loyalty
Encouraging brand trial
Building customer loyalty: membership programs
Building customer loyalty: ongoing

communications
Building a mailing list.

Features of Internet
The geographic distribution
Robust internet architecture
Internet near light speed
Universal access
Internet growth rate
Internet Digital advantage
Freedom of speech

Services of Internet
Email
Newsgroups (aka Usenet)
Chat Rooms
Instant Messaging
File Transfer
Web
Telnet
MUDs(Multi Use Domain) On Line

Games

World Wide
Web(WWW)
The World Wide Web is a vast network of
hyperlinked
documents,
content,
and
multimedia.
The World Wide Web resides on the
Internet, which is an extremely large, wellorganized network of smaller computer
networks in every country all over the world.

Components of WWW
Web servers
Web documents
Web clients
HTTP

Components of WWW
1. Web servers,

Web consists of many millions of internetconnected computers, each with information on

them that their owner has decided to share.
Web servers store the web pages

Components of WWW
2.Web documents

the pages themselves

Components of WWW
Web clients, browsers of many types
Internet Explorer
Mozilla Firefox
Netscape navigator

Components of WWW
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol).
provides a mechanism that allows a client to
request a document, and a server to send that
document.
Its capabilities have increased to include such
things as graphics, animations, scripts and
even complete computer programs, all
embedded into the pages of the documents.

The Web's unique

features

Universal readership
Hyperlinks/hypertext/hypermedia
Authoring for computers and humans
Availability of information
flexibility to adapt to new forms of
media

Universal readership
a common format for information (HTML)
a common access method (HTTP)
a way to write content without having to

worry about presentation

Universal readership
The web provides a way of integrating these

methods and applications, using a common

interface to allow easy access to any
information stored on any computer.

HTML
Hyper
Text
Markup
the language of the web,
Language
easy to learn,
when the author wrote their document, they

would be able to concentrate on its structure,

and not worry about its presentation.
Allows to write quickly and easily, with a
minimal set of software tools.

Hyperlinks/Hypertext/Hy
permedia

Hyperlinks - powerful features of the web is

the ability to link documents .
On clicking a hyperlink (usually underlined),
the browser tries to access the linked
document, providing an almost instantaneous
cross-referencing system. This creates a nonlinear form of text, known as Hypertext.
Web pages can also contain multimedia
content that can also be hyperlinked, termed
Hypermedia.

Availability of
information

Information available 24/7

Information often updated in real time
Access for all on an equal basis

Surface and deep web

Only a small part of the web is publicly

accessible (the Surface Web)

Much of the web is hidden inside intranets
and commercial sites
This Deep Web is often not searchable
Deep web is possibly many times the size of
surface web

Flexibility to adapt to
new
media

The HTTP protocol is media neutral

HTML is text-only; other media items are
stored separately
The HTML language has evolved to embed
new media types into web pages

Working of web
Web

servers
and
web
browsers
communicate via HTTP
HTTP ensures that all parts of the web page
are delivered
Web browser decides how these items are
displayed.

Working of web
How HTTP works: retrieving a web page

Web Address
URI - the Uniform Resource Identifier.
for example:

http://piglet.exeter.ac.uk/pallas/index.ht
ml

The parts of a URL

http://piglet.exeter.ac.uk/pallas/ind
http: the method of delivery (ftp, file, etc.)
ex.html
Secure sites use https, an encrypted form on
HTTP.
The :// is important to distinguish this from
the server name that follows piglet.ex.ac.uk.
piglet.ex.ac.uk - the server computer the
document is stored on it . This could also be
referred to by its dotted-quad IP number,
e.g. 144.173.116.100.

Breaking this down

further:
piglet the hostname the name of the

http://piglet.exeter.ac.uk/pallas/ind
individual computer/server. These are usually
decided upon by the organisation concerned,
ex.html
exeter the organisation - exeter or ex

(domain name = exeter.ac.uk)

ac the organisation type
ac or edu for academic sites,
co or com for commercial,
gov for government-related sites,
org for non-profits,
net for network infrastructure.

Breaking this down further:

http://piglet.exeter.ac.uk/pallas/ind
uk the country code - uk, fr, de, etc.
ex.html
pallas: the directory/folder
index.html: the file itself

Difference Between Internet

and Web
The Internet is a Big Collection of

Computers and Cables.

The Internet is named for "interconnection of
computer networks".
It is a massive hardware combination of
millions
of
personal,
business,
and
governmental computers, all connected like
roads and highways.

Interne
t

Web
The Web Is a Big Collection of HTML

Pages on the Internet.

The World Wide Web is a vast network of
hyperlinked
documents,
content,
and
multimedia.
The World Wide Web resides on the Internet,
which is an extremely large, well-organized
network of smaller computer networks in
every country all over the world.

WHAT IS ECOMMERCE?
Application of communication

and
information
sharing
technologies
among trading partners to the pursuit of
business objectives.
E-commerce is associated with the
buying and selling of information,
products and services via computer
networks.

E-COMMERCE
APPLICATIONS
Entertainment
Financial services and information
Essential services
Educational and training

E-commerce advantages
1. Overcome Geographical Limitations
2. Gain New Customers With Search
Engine Visibility.
3. Lower Costs

Advertising and Marketing

Personnel

Real Estate

E-commerce
advantages
4. Locate the Product Quicker
5. Eliminate Travel Time and Cost
6. Provide Comparison Shopping
7. Enable Deals, Bargains, Coupons, and
Group Buying
8. Provide Abundant Information
9. Create Targeted Communication
10. Remain Open All the Time

E-commerce
advantages
11. Create Markets for Niche Products
12. Computer platform-independent:13. Efficient applications development

environment:-

Disadvantages
1. Lack of personal touch
2. Shipping time
3. Many Goods Cannot Be Purchased

Online
4. Ecommerce Does Not Allow You to
Experience the Product Before Purchase
5. Anyone Can Set Up an Ecommerce
Website

Disadvantages
6. Security
7.Size and number of transactions:8.Returning goods:9.Defined services & the unexpected

TECHNOLOGIES OF ECOMMERCE

Electronic data interchange (EDI)

Bar codes
Electronic mail
Internet
World Wide Web
Electronic forms

Traditional vs Electronic
Commerce

The process of E-commerce

The process of E-commerce

A consumer uses Web browser to connect to the

home page of a merchant's Web site on the

Internet.
The consumer browses the catalog of products
featured on the site and selects items to
purchase. The selected items are placed in the
electronic equivalent of a shopping cart.
When the consumer is ready to complete the
purchase of selected items, she provides a billto and ship-to address for purchase and delivery

The process of E-commerce

When the credit card number is validated and

the order is completed at the Commerce

Server site, the merchant's site displays a
receipt confirming the customer's purchase.
The Commerce Server site then forwards the

order to a Processing Network for payment

processing and fulfilment.

Different types of ecommerce

Business-to-business (B2B)
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Business-to-government (B2G)
Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
Government to consumer (G2C)
Government-to-business (G2B)

What is B2B e-commerce?

B2B e-commerce is simply defined as

ecommerce between companies. About

80% of e-commerce is of this type.
Examples:
Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donalds

B2B E-commerce

Types of E-commerce
Business to Consumer (B2C)

Ex : (a) Dell selling me a laptop

(b) Mc Donalds selling me a Burger

B2C E-commerce

What is B2G ecommerce?

Business-to-government

e-commerce or B2G is
generally defined as commerce between companies
and the public sector. It refers to the use of the
Internet
for
public
procurement,
licensing
procedures,
and
other
government-related
operations

Example:
Business pay taxes, file reports, or sell goods and

services to Govt. agencies.

Online Passport Application
Driving License Registration
Online Applications For Tenders(road,flyover)

B2G E-commerce

Consumer to Consumer
(C2C)
There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and
forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online
payment systems like PayPal where people can send and
receive money online with ease. eBay's auction service is a
great example of where person-to-person transactions take
place everyday since 1995

Ex: (a) Mary buying an iPod from Tom on

eBay

C2C E-commerce

G2C E-commerce
This Model is also a part of e-governance.
The objective of this model is to provide good

and effective services to each citizen.

The Government provides the following
facilities to the citizens through website.
Information of all government departments,
Different welfare schemes,
Different application forms to be used by the
citizens.

G2C E-commerce

C2B
Ex : Me selling my old school books to a

second hand book shop

Free lancers developing software's
businesses

for

G2B E-commerce
Government-to-business (G2B) is a

business model that refers to

government providing services or
information to business organisation.
Government uses B2G model website to
approach business organizations. Such
websites support auctions, tenders and
application submission functionalities.

DISADVANTAGES OF ECOMMERCE
Unable to examine products personally
Not everyone is connected to the Internet
There is the possibility of credit card number

theft
Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable

effects on the total processes.

Identity

Authentication
Protection of Data
Confidentiality

The transaction starts from the lady, whose on the phone making transactions
through phone, then the transaction takes place from merchant , then to
merchant bank , then to processing bank through internet payment is being
processed from consumer bank.

Mobile Computing
Mobile computing is "taking a computer and

all necessary files and software out into the

field.

Mobile Computing Devices

Mobile Computing Devices
Pagers
Cellular phones
Personal digital assistants
Tablet PCs
Laptop computers

Thank You