Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
Describe the benefits of using ASM
Manage the ASM instance
Create and drop ASM disk groups
Extend ASM disk groups
Retrieve ASM metadata by using various utilities
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5-3
Database administrator
dependence on system
administrator
Likelihood of errors
associated with manual
maintenance tasks
ASM Instance
The ASM Instance is a combination of the process and memory
components for ASM.
System Global Area (SGA) memory
Shared
Pool
Large
Pool
ASM
Cache
Free
Memory
ARBn
GMON
Onnn
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PZ9n
ASM Components:
ASM InstancePrimary Processes
The ASM instance primary processes are responsible for ASMrelated activities.
Process Description
RBAL
ARBn
GMON
MARK
Onnn
PZ9n
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Database Instance
System Global Area
Shared
Pool
Large
Pool
Buffer
Cache
Create File
Shared
Pool
Large
Pool
Extent Map
Processes
GMON
Commit
Processes
SMON
PMON
LGWR
DBWR
CKPT
ASM
Cache
Other
RBAL
MARK
ARBn
PZ9n
Other
Onnn
Close
Snnn
4
Initialize
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ASM Storage
Allocation
V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE
V$ASM_CLIENT
V$ASM_DISK
V$ASM_DISK_IOSTAT
V$ASM_DISK_STAT
V$ASM_DISKGROUP
V$ASM_DISKGROUP_STAT V$ASM_FILE
V$ASM_OPERATION
V$ASM_TEMPLATE
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OSASM
(asmadmin)
SYSDBA
OSDBA
(asmdba)
SYSOPER
OSOPER
(asmoper)
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bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
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bytes
bytes
bytes
bytes
Oracle DB
Instance
Oracle DB
Instance
ASM Instance
ASM Instance
ASM Instance
Oracle RAC
Servers
Database
Oracle DB
Instance
Oracle DB
Instance
Database
Database
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Disk 2
Disk 3
Disk 4
Disk 5
Disk 6
File 3
File 1
File 4
File 2
Disk Group A
Disk Group B
ASM Disks
ASM disks:
Are the storage devices provisioned to ASM disk groups
Are accessed through normal O/S interfaces
Must be read and write accessible by the ASM owner
Must be accessible by all nodes in a cluster
May have different O/S names or paths on different nodes
May be:
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Allocation Units
ASM disks are divided into allocation units (AU):
AU size is configurable at disk group creation.
Default AU size is 1 MB:
Small enough to be cached by database and large enough
for efficient sequential access
Allowable AU sizes:
1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 MB
Large AUs may be useful in very large database (VLDB)
scenarios or when using specialized storage hardware
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ASM Files
ASM files:
Are a collection of ASM extents composed of AUs
Variable sized extents support large files
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Extent Maps
Disk Group
ASM File
Disk A
1
Extent
Map
Disk B
2
6
Disk C
3
7
Disk D
File Extent
4
8
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Striping Granularity
ASM separates striping for load balance and striping for
latency:
Coarse-grain striping concatenates allocation units for load
balancing.
For example:
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Fine-Grained Striping
Fine-grain striping puts 128 KB stripe units across groups of
allocation units to improve latency.
Disk group with 8 disks and external redundancy
Default AU size of 1 MB in use
First 1 MB extent written as 128 KB stripes across 8 AUs
Fine-Grained Striping
Example:
Disk group with 8 disks and external redundancy
Default AU size of 1 MB in use
Next 1 MB extent written as 128 KB stripes across the
same 8 allocation units until they are full
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Failure Example
If disk H fails, then the extents it contained are re-created on
surviving disks from surviving mirrors.
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CREATE DISKGROUP
ASM
instance
DROP DISKGROUP
Database
instance
ALTER DISKGROUP
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ASM disk
group
ASM
instance
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Property
Values
Description
au_size
Create,
Alter
1|2|4|8|16|32|64MB
compatible.rdbms
Create,
Alter
compatible.asm
Create,
Alter
compatible.advm
Create,
Alter
disk_repair_time
Create,
Alter
0 M to 232 D
template.tname.
redundancy
Alter
UNPROTECT|MIRROR|HIGH
template.tname.
stripe
Alter
COARSE|FINE
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Using SQL*Plus:
Using asmcmd:
ASMCMD> ls -l +DATA/orcl/datafile
Type
Redund Striped Time
DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE
JUL 08 21:00:00
DATAFILE MIRROR COARSE
JUL 08 21:00:00
..
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Sys Name
Y SYSTEM.256.689832921
Y SYSAUX.257.689832923
Secondary
extent
Primary
extent
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Quiz
Which parameter is required for an ASM instance?
1. INSTANCE_TYPE
2. ASM_DISKGROUPS
3. LARGE_POOL_SIZE
4. None of the above
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Quiz
Fine-grain striping, by default, is used for _________ and
__________.
1. Data files
2. Control files
3. Temp files
4. Online redo logs
5. SPFILE
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Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to:
Manage the ASM instance by using SQL*plus, asmcmd,
and Enterprise Manager
Create and drop ASM disk groups
Specify ASM compatibility attributes
Extend ASM disk groups
Compare methods of retrieving ASM metadata
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Practice 5 Overview:
Managing the ASM Instance
This practice covers the following topics:
Creating an ASM disk group with asmcmd
Dropping an ASM disk group with EM
Viewing ASM metadata
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