Ethnic Groups in

the

References:
Book

Internet

Society and Culture:

Introduction to Sociology
and Anthropology
Isabel S. Panopio,
Realedad Santico Rolda,
Quezon City: JMC Press,
2000
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_
Philippines
http://www.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com/
Copyright 2011.Ethnic Groups Philippines
http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Norway-to-Russi
a/Ilocanos.html#ixzz3E3TxQgXR
http://www.ilocanopeople.com/history-of-ilocanos

Objectives
To define the words Ethnic
groups, and tribe.
To explain the difference between
tribe and ethnic group.
To be able to present the different
ethnic groups in the Philippines
and show their Language, Religion
and their Location.

Definition of terms
Ethnic groups
Groups of people occupying a common
territory, having the same cultural
heritage, a language of their own, and a
common ancestry. (Panopio, Rolda
2000)
Is a type of community, with a specific
sense of solidarity and honor, and a set
of shared symbols and values. (Smith
1980-65)

Definition of terms
Ethnic groups
Anethnicity, orethnic group, is a sociallydefinedcategory of people who identify with
each other based on common ancestral, social,
cultural, or national experience.
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group)
A community or population made up of people
who share a common cultural background or
descent
(http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/e
nglish/ethnic-group)

 A social group sharing the same characteristics as the

ethnic group and enjoys political autonomy. (Panopio, Rolda
2000)
A social division in a traditional society consisting of
families or communities linked by social, economic,
religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect,
typically having a recognized leader (
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/tribe)

Tribe cannot be used to refer an ethnic group as

the concept cannot be applicable to any Philippine
cultural group. All groups are under the jurisdiction of
the Philippine government and subject to compliance
with the Philippine constitution.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
This chart shows the different
ethnic groups and their religion.
Christian

Muslim

Paganism

Ilocanos
Pangasinens
e
Kapampang
ans
Tagalogs
Bicolanos
Igorot
Ibanag
Gaddang
Kagayanen

Molbog
Ivatan
Sambal
Batak
Tagbanwas
Taut bato

Aeta
Igorot
Mangyans
Molbog
Bugkalot/
Ilongot

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
The word "Ilocano" came
from the word "Iloco" or
"Yloco.
"i" 'from', and "looc" 'bay
Ilocandia is the term given to
the traditional homeland of
the Ilocano people. From the
original western strip of
Northern Luzon, Ilocandia
has spread throughout
theCagayan Valleyand
some parts ofCentral Luzon.

Language

Religion

Ilocanos speak theIlokano

language(also called Iloko). They
also speakCebuano(in
Mindanao),Tagalog, andEnglishas
second languages.

Most Ilocanos areRoman Catholics, while a

significant numberbelong to theAglipayan
Church, which originated inIlocos Norte.

The Ilocano dialect is related to

the languages Indonesian, Malay,
Fijian, Maori, Hawaiian, Malagasy,
Samoan, Tahitian, Chamorro, Tetum
and Paiwan. Today, the Ilocano
dialect is the third most spoken
language in the Philippines.
(http://www.ilocanopeople.com/hist
ory-of-ilocanos/)

The four provinces of the Ilocano

homeland (Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La
Union, and landlocked Abra) stretch from
Cape Bojeador at the northwestern tip of
Luzon down to the Gulf of Lingayen. Most
of the population is concentrated along a
narrow coastal plain that has only a few
good harbors. This environment is harsh,
forcing Ilocanos to be hard-working and
thrifty. Many Ilocanos have left their
homeland to seek employment elsewhere.

Location

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
ThePangasinan(Pangasinan:Toto
on Pangasinan) are the eighth
largestFilipino ethnolinguistic
group. They are the residents or
indigenous peoplesof theProvince
of Pangasinan. The term
Pangasinan can also refer to
theindigenousspeakers of
thePangasinan language, or people
of Pangasinan heritage.
The namePangasinanmeans "land
of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it
is derived fromasin, the word for
salt. The Pangasinan people are
also calledtaga-Pangasinan, which
means "from Pangasinan".

The Bangus festival

Language

Religion

The Pangasinan language belongs to

theMalayo-Polynesian languagesbranch
of theAustronesian languagesfamily.
Pangasinan is similar to the Tagalog and
Ilocano languages that are spoken in
thePhilippines,IndonesianinIndonesia,
MalayinMalaysia,
andMalagasyinMadagascar.The
Pangasinan language is very closely
related to theIbaloilanguage spoken in
the neighboring province
ofBenguetandBaguio City, located
north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan is
classified under the Pangasinic group of
languages.

The religion of the people of Pangasinan

is predominantlyChristianand
mostlyRoman Catholicfollowed
byIglesia Ni Cristo, although few are
strict believers and continue to practice
their indigenousanitobeliefs and rituals,
like most of the people of the Philippines.

Pangasinan is spoken primarily in the

provinces ofPangasinanandBenguet,
and in some areas of the neighboring
provinces of Zambales,Tarlac,Nueva
Ecija,Aurora,Nueva Vizcaya, andIfugao.

Location
Pangasinan is located on the west
central area of the island of Luzon in
the Philippines. Pangasinan borders
La UnionandBenguetto the north,
Nueva VizcayaandNueva Ecijato the
east, andZambalesandTarlacto the
south. To the west of Pangasinan is the
South China Sea. The province also
encloses theLingayen Gulf.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
TheKapampangansa
re an
Austronesian people
native to and the sixth
largestethnic groupin
thePhilippines.
The
wordKapampanganis
derived from the
rootwordpampngwhic
h means "river bank.

Language

Religion

Kapampangan, thePampango
language(Kulitan script:), is one of
the major
languages of the Philippines . It is the
language spoken in the province of
Pampanga, the southern half of the
province ofTarlacand the northern
portion of the province ofBataan.
Kapampangan is also understood in
somebarangaysofBulacanand
Nueva Ecijaand by theAitasor Aeta
ofZambales. The language is also
calledPampango, and honorifically in
the Kapampangan
language:Amnung Ssuan, meaning
"breastfed language".

Kapampangans are mostlyChristians, a

majority of which areRoman Catholics,
Methodists,Iglesia ni Cristoand
members of variousProtestant
denominations and therestorationist
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints
(LDS Church).

Location
TheprovinceofPampangais traditional
homeland of the Kapampangans. Once
occupying a vast stretch of land that
extended fromTondo[1]to the rest of
Central Luzon, huge chunks of territories
were carved out of Pampanga so as to
create the provinces of Bulacan, Bataan,
Nueva Ecija, Aurora and Tarlac.[2]As a
result, Kapampangans now populate a
region that extends beyond the political
boundaries of the small province of
Pampanga.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
TheTagalog peopleare a
majorethnic groupin the
Philippines.
The name Tagalog comes
from either the native
termtag-ilog, meaning
'people living along theriver
', or another native
term,tag-alog, meaning
'people living along theford'
(the prefixtaga-meaning
"coming from" or "native
of").

Language

Religion

Tagalogs speak the

Tagalog language, with
many dialectal
variations, although all
Tagalog dialects are
considered to be
mutually
comprehensible to each
other.

The principal religion of Tagalogs is

Christianity, mainlyRoman Catholicism
with a minority practicingIslam,
concentrated in the Quiapo district of
Manila.
Location
Tagalogsform a majority inMetro Manila
and the provinces ofAurora,Bataan,
Batangas,Cavite,Bulacan,Laguna,
Marinduque,Nueva Ecija,
Occidental Mindoro ,Oriental Mindoro,
Quezon,RizalandZambales. Other
provinces with some significant Tagalog
populations include the provinces of
Palawan,Nueva Vizcaya,
Camarines Norteand Camarines Sur.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
TheBicolanosare the fifthlargestFilipino ethnolinguistic
group.

Language

Religion

The people of the Bicol region, called Bicolanos,

speak any of the several languages of the Bikol
macrolanguage, also called Bikolano, an
Austronesian language closely related to other
Central Philippine languages such as Cebuano
and Tagalog. Bicol languages include the Inland
Bikol of Bikol-Rinconada (Rinconada area), BikolAlbay (Buhi, Cam. Sur; Libon, Oas, Daraga, Albay
and Donsol, Sorsogon), Bikol-Pandan (Northern
Catanduanes). Standard Bikol is based from the
coastal Bikol language of the dialect of Legazpi
City and is understood widely throughout the
region even though they cannot speak it fluently.

The region retains Roman Catholicism as

the overwhelming religion of the great
majority. The Catholic religion has the
highest number of followers than any
other area in the Philippines.

The Bikol macrolanguage is the dominant

language of the region. The Filipino language
(Tagalog) is also spoken in northern parts of
Camarines Norte as well as in the municipality of
Del Gallego, Camarines Sur. Two Visayan
languages, Sorsoganon and Masbateo or
Minasbate, are spoken in Masbate and Sorsogon;
they are collectively referred to as Bisakol.

Location
TheBicol Region(Filipino:Kabikulan;
Spanish:Bicolandia) is one of the 17
Regionsof thePhilippines, designated
asRegion V. Bicol (also spelledBikol) is
comprised of fourprovincesin the
Bicol Peninsula : the southeastern end of
Luzonisland, and two island-provinces
adjacent to the peninsula, namely:Albay,
Camarines Norte,Camarines Sur,
Catanduanes,MasbateandSorsogon.[2]
The regional capital,
political/administrative center, and largest
city isLegazpi City.[3][4]Legazpi City is also
considered as the center of tourism,
education, health services, commerce [5]
and transportation[6]in the Bicol Region.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
Igorot, orCordillerans, is the
collective name of several
Austronesianethnic groups in
The Philippines.
The word "Igorot" is anexonym
, derived from the archaic
Tagalogterm for "mountain
people" (formed from the
prefixi-, "dweller of" andgolot,
"mountain range"). During the
Spanish colonial era, the term
was variously recorded
asIgolot,Ygolot, andIgorrote,
compliant to
Spanish orthography.

Language
Their languages belong to the
northernLuzonsubgroup of the
Philippine languages, which belong
to the Austronesian (MalayoPolynesian) family.

Location
These highland peoples inhabit the
six provinces of theCordillera
Administrative Region:
Abra,Apayao,Benguet, Kalinga,
Ifugao, andMountain Province, as
well as Baguio City.

Religion
For the Sagada Igorot/Sagadans the spirits of their
deceased ancestors (anitos) make up the most
important category of supernatural. Great emphasis is
put on death ceremonies to ensure the future welfare
of the soul in the "house of anitos." Full ceremonial
rites, which include the initial placement of a corpse in
a death chair and coffin burial in ancestral caves or
stone-lined mausoleums underground, are performed
for deceased married persons only. There is a lengthy
mourning period, which is slowly terminated by a
series of animal sacrifices. Sagadans bury infants and
young children in clay jars beside the house, without
prayer or special ceremony.
People consider the old to be the keepers of customs
and performers of rituals essential to the continuance
of Sagadan society. Consequently elders assume a
greater status when they die, that of anito ancestors,
in which they continue to look after the welfare of their
descendants and to protest against neglect by sending
illness and other disasters.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
The ibanags are one of the largest
ethnolinguistic minorities in the
Philippines.
Ibanag is also known as "Ybanag"
and "Ybanak" or "Ibanak".
Ibanags often distinguish themselves
by the color of their elbows. "Kunnasi
kangisi' na sikum", meaning "How
dark is your elbow". Often it is joked
upon by Ibanags that their elbows
tend to be of darker complexion than
the rest of the Filipinos. In addition to
this, Ibanags tend to be taller in stock
and have a peculiar height on the
bridge of their noses.
Their names come from the words
"I"- which means "The" and
"Bannag"- meaning river.

Language
The Ibanag language (also Ybanag)
is spoken by about 500,000 speakers
in two of the northeasternmost
provinces of the Philippines, Isabela
and Cagayan, especially in
Tuguegarao City,Solana,Cabagan
,San Pablo, Isabela, Tumauini,
Isabela, Sta. Maria, Isabela, Sto.
Tomas IsabelaIlagan,Gamu,
NaguilianandReina Mercedes. There
are also several speakers of the
Ibanag language inAbulug,Aparri,
Camalaniugan,Lal-loandTuao. Most
of the speakers can speak Ilocano,
thelingua francaofNorthern Luzon,
as well. Ibanag is derived from
bannag 'river' . It is closely related to
Gaddang, Itawis, Agta, Atta, Yogad,
Isneg and Malaweg.

Religion
Religion Because of this historical
background, authorities in Ibanag, like
Msgr. Domingo P. Mallo, claim that
Ibanags are predominantly Catholic. If
there are any exceptions, they are too
insignificant to merit attention. There is
a tendency to hand down their religion
to -their children as a matter of course
rather than a matter of conviction. "
Yawy neyanakammi. We are born in this
religion." In fact; to turn away from this
"inherited' religion is deemed disastrous.

Location
inhabit the provinces ofCagayan,Isabela
andNueva Vizcaya.

Ethnic groups in
Luzon
TheGaddang peopleare a
linguistically identifiedethnic group
of related families sharing lengthy
residence in the watershed of the
Cagayan RiverinNorthern Luzon,
Philippines.
The word "Gaddang" comes from
the wordgameaning "heat"
anddangmeaning "burned"; this
likely alludes to the fact that the
Gaddang are generally darker of
skin than otherCordillerapeople.

Language
Most Gaddang speakers also speak
Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern
Luzon, as well asTagalogandEnglish.
The Gaddang language is related to
Ibanag, Itawis, Malaueg and others. It
is distinct in that it features
phonemesnot present in many
neighboringPhilippine languages. As
an example the "f","v","z" and "j"
sounds appear in Gaddang. There are
notable differences from other
languages in the distinction between
"r" and "l", and the "f" sound is
somewhat distinct from the "p" sound
common in most Philippine
languages. Finally, the (Spanish)
minimally-voiced "J" sound has
evolved to a plosive (so the name
"Joseph" sounds to the American ear
as "Kosip").

Religion
Nanolayis considered as both the creator of
all things and a culture hero for the nonChristian upland Gaddang. Other gods
include Dasal, to whom the epic warriors
Biwag and Malana prayed for strength and
courage before going off to their final battle.
The fathers of the two heroes were Bunag,
the god of the earth, and Limat, the god of
the sea.
Christianized Gaddang basically adhere to
Christian norms of worship and ritual and no
longer practice the rites of anitu. PreChristian undercurrents, however, continue
to run in Christian devotions. The belief in
God, for example, closely parallels the
concept of Nanolay as the all-benevolent
creator. The intercession of gods and spirits
have been replaced by the veneration and
appeal to saints. Particularly potent beings
among the Gaddang are the Blessed
Virgin Mary(as illustrated by her role in
subduing the serpent of La Torre) and San
Luis Beltran, patron saint of Solano,
Nueva Vizcaya.

Location
TheGaddang(also
known as Gadan,
Ga'dang, Gaddanes,
Iraya, Pagan Gaddang,
Yrraya) live in the
Northeastern Luzon
island, especially in the
southern portion of the
Cagayan Valley.

Pagan Ethnic
groups in Luzon
TheAeta(Ayta, pronouncedEYE-t
), orAgta, are anindigenous people
who live in scattered, isolated
mountainous parts of the island of
Luzon, thePhilippines.
These peoples are considered to be
Negritos, whose skin ranges from
dark to very dark brown, and
possessing features such as a small
stature and frame; hair of a curly to
kinky texture and a higher frequency
of naturally lighter colour (blondism)
relative to the general population;
small nose; and dark brown eyes.
They are thought to be among the
earliest inhabitants of the
Philippines, preceding the
Austronesianmigrations.

Language

Religion

All Aeta communities have adopted

the
language of their Austronesian Filipino
neighbors
, which have sometimes diverged over
time to become different
languages.These include, in order of
number of speakers,Mag-indi,
Mag-antsi,Abellen,Ambala, and
Mariveleo.

There are different views on the dominant

character of the Aeta religion. Those who
believe they aremonotheisticargue that
various Aeta tribes believe in a supreme
being who rules over lesser spirits or deities,
with theAeta of Mt. Pinatubo worshipping
"Apo Na". The Aetas are alsoanimists. For
example, the Pinatubo Aeta believe in
environmental spirits such as anito and
kamana. They believe that good and evil
spirits inhabit the environment, such as the
spirits of the river, sea, sky, mountain, hill,
valley and other places.

Location

No special occasion is needed for the Aeta

topray, although there is a clear link
between prayer andeconomicactivities.
The Aeta dance before and after apighunt.
The night before Aeta women gather
shellfish, they perform a dance which is
partly an apology to the fish and partly a
charm to ensure the catch. Similarly, the
men hold abeedance before and after the
expeditions forhoney.

Aetas are scattered throughout the

archipelago. The names given to them
vary, depending upon their
geographical location.
In Zambales, they are known as
Pinatubo Ayta; in Palanan Isabela, they
are referred to as Dumagat and Agta;
in Tanay, they are called Remontados;
in the south, they are the Mamanwa.

Today, a large percentage of Agtas/Aetas of

Zambales and Pampanga areEvangelicals.
Jehovah's Witnesses also have members of
the Aeta people. (See 1993 Yearbook of
Jehovah's Witnesses)

Ethnic groups in
Luzon

Talingay tribal

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Ethnic groups in
Visayas
Christian
Cebuano
Ilongo
Waray-waray
Rombloman
on
Kinaray- a
Aklanon
Masbatenyo
Tausug
Cuyonon of
palawan

Muslim

Paganism

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Language

TheCebuano people(
Cebuano:Sugbuanon)
are aVisayan
ethnic groupinCebu
and form the second
largest culturallinguistic group in the
Philippines.

TheCebuano languageis
spoken by about 25,000,000
people in the country and
forms the largest of the
Visayan languages. Most
speakers of Cebuano are
found in Cebu, Bohol,
Siquijor, Biliran, Western and
Southern Leyte, eastern
Negros and most of
northernMindanao.

Religion

Location

The Cebuano people were among

the first native inhabitants of the
Philippine Archipelago to encounter
Europeans and the first to be
baptized asRoman Catholicby the
Portuguese explorers and Spanish
conquistadores.

The province of Cebu

Majority of Cebuanos are Catholic

with a small number of them having
different religions such as Muslim
and Iglesia ni Kristo.

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
TheHiligaynon, often referred to asIlonggo,are
aVisayanethnic group indigenous to the large
eastern coastal plain ofPanayIsland.

The term "Hiligaynon" is derived from the Spanish

term "Yliguenes", which is then derived from the
Hiligaynon word "Iligan" or "Iliganon". From here are
two divergent proposals of origin for the word. The
first proposal puts forth that Iligan or "Iliganon"
refers to a river, or literally "where the water flows
down", and the Spanish were likely to have made
this connection to the indigenous residents of
Panay, who resided at the river mouth and were
thus discovered easily by the Spanish. The second
proposal puts forth that "Iligan" or "Iliganon" is
derived from "manog-ilig sang kawayan", a phrase
that describes bamboo poles that Panay men would
float downriver in order to sell the poles. This
activity becomes mistaken by the Spanish as the
name of the indigenous residents. The term
"Ilonggo" is derived from the Spanish term "irongirong", referring to the Filipino word for nose
("ilong") and an islet in the Batiano River in Panay.

Language
TheHiligaynon languageis part of
theVisaya (Bisaya)family of
languages in the central islands of
the Philippines, and is particular to
the Hiligaynon people. Ultimately, it
is aMalayo-Polynesian language
like many other languages spoken
by Filipino ethnic groups, as well as
languages in neighboring states
such asIndonesiaandMalaysia.
This language is marked by its
song-like intonation in speech, while
also having a more prevalent "l"
sound than "r" sound.

Religion

Location

Most Hiligaynon are

Christians, with a majority of
these Christians being
Roman Catholics. There are
also smaller populations of
Hiligaynon who are
Aglipayan,Protestant, and
Muslim.

Hiligaynon form the majority

in the provinces ofIloilo,
Negros Occidental,
Guimaras,Capiz,
South Cotabato, and
Sultan Kudarat.

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Language
TheWarayare an ethnoliguistic group of people
geographically inhabiting
theEastern Visayasregion
of thePhilippines.

The Waray people speak the

Waray-Waray language, a major
Visayan language. They also speak
Cebuanoas their second language.
Some people who are of Waray
descent also speak Waray-Waray as
their second or third language,
especially among emigrants to Metro
Manila, other parts of the Philippines
and in other parts of the world. Other
notable foreign languages spoken
includeEnglish,Spanish,Chinese
andJapanesewhich is spoken by its
community and among others.

Religion

Location

The Waray people are one of

the most religious people in the
Philippines. Most of them
belong toRoman Catholicism,
while others have been
converted to various Christian
denominations/groups, and still
a small percentage of the
population practice other
religion (sometimes alongside
Catholicism) such as Buddhism
for a few Chinese descendants
in the area.

inhabiting in the islands of

Samar, Leyte and Biliran commonly referred to as
theEastern Visayasregion
of thePhilippines.

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Language
TheRomblomanonpeople
are the indigenous
inhabitants ofRomblon
province. They are part of
the widerVisayan
ethnolinguistic group, who
constitute the largest
Filipino ethnolinguistic group
.

Romblomanonis a
Visayan languagespoken,
along with theAsiand
Onhan languages, in the
province ofRomblonin the
Philippines. The language is
also called Ini, Tiyad Ini,
Basi, Niromblon, Sibuyanon,
and Bisaya.

Religion

Location

The Romblomanon people are

one of the most religious
people in the Philippines. Most
of them belong to
Roman Catholicism, while
others have been converted to
various Christian
denominations/groups, and
still a small percentage of the
population practice other
religion (sometimes alongside
Catholicism) such as
Buddhism.

Romblon and Sibuyan

Islands, northeast of Tablas
Island (San Agustin), north
of Panay.

Christian Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Language

TheTausgorSulukpeople are
an ethnic group of thePhilippines,
MalaysiaandIndonesia. The
termTausgwas derived from two
wordstauandsg(orsulukin
Malay) meaning "people of the
current", referring to their
homelands in theSulu Archipelago
.Sgandsulukboth mean the
same thing, with the former being
the phonetic evolution in Sulu of
the latter (the L being dropped
and thus the two short U's
merging into one long U).

Tausg(Tausg:Bahasa Sg,Malay
:Bahasa Suluk) is a language spoken in
theprovinceofSuluin thePhilippines, in
the eastern area of the state ofSabah,
Malaysia, and inNorth Kalimantan,
Indonesiaby theTausgpeople.
It is widely spoken in theSulu Archipelago
(Basilan,SuluandTawi-Tawi),
Zamboanga Peninsula(
Zamboanga del Norte,Zamboanga Sibugay
,Zamboanga del Sur, andZamboanga City
), SouthernPalawan,Malaysia(eastern
Sabah) andIndonesia(North Kalimantan). It
is the onlyPhilippine languagespoken on
the island of Borneo. It is very closely
related to theSurigaonon languageof the
provincesSurigao del Norte,
Surigao del SurandAgusan del Surin the
Philippines, and to theButuanonlanguage
of northeasternMindanao.

Religion
The Tausug are Sunni Muslims,
followers of the Shaft school. The Five
Pillars are observed, although only the
elderly practice daily prayers regularly.
All illness, accidents, and other
misfortunes are ultimately God's will.
However, the Tausug retain elements of
pre-Islamic belief and, additionally, see
the world as inhabited by local spirits
capable of causing good or ill fortune.
Folk curers (mangungubat) may be
sought in time of illness. Traditional
medical specialists, who obtain their
powers through dreams or by the
instruction of older curers, heal mainly
by herbal remedies and prayers.

Location
The Tausg presently populate the
Filipino province ofSuluas a majority,
and the provinces of
Zamboanga del Sur,Basilan,
Tawi-Tawi,Palawan,CebuandManila
as minorities. There is a large
population of Filipino-Tausgs in all
parts ofSabah, who mainly work as
construction labourers with a
substantial number as skilled
workers. The Tausg workers tend to
be confused with the more numerous
Bajauworkers in Sabah.
In Sabah, the Tausg groups had
settled in the eastern parts of Sabah,
fromKudattown in the north, to
Tawauin the south east, as the Sulu
Sultanate once ruled over the eastern
part of Sabah. However, any other
new Tausgs who arrived from the
Philippines after the 20th century are
not recognised as the ethnics of the
state and will be considered asillegal
immigrants.

Ethnic groups in
Mindanao
Christian

Muslim

Ata Manobo,
Ubo
Manobo,
Klata,
Tagabawa,
Matigsalog,
Maranao,
Maguindana
o, Tausug,
Sama and
Kalagan

Tausug
Maguindan
ao
Maranao
Sama
Yakan
Banguingui

Paganism

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Tausg(Tausg:Bahasa
Sg,Malay:Bahasa Suluk)
is a language spoken in
theprovinceofSuluin
thePhilippines, in the
eastern area of the state
ofSabah,Malaysia, and in
North Kalimantan,
Indonesiaby theTausg
people

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Bianca Balmores

The name of the language in Tausug

isBahasa Sg, which means 'language
ofSulu'. The word Tausg is derived
from two words "Tau" which means
"person", and "sg" which means
"current", presumably referring to their
economic livelihood depending on the
strong currents of the Sulu Sea where
they used to trans-navigate as
fishermen, pearl divers and traders.
The Sulu Sea has been use as the
strategic trade route of the southern
Philippines and other neighboring
ASEAN nations, even up to the present
time. As early as the 10th century it
was believed that there was already
flourishing trade route between Sulu
with China and North Borneo. Basically
the people in this area were known as

The Tausug are Sunni

Muslims who observe the
Muslims Five Pillars. The
elder Tausug, on the other
hand, are those who
continue to do daily prayers.
Even if they believe that
illnesses, diseases and other
misfortunes are part of their
gods will, they still also
hang on to the belief of
having spirits in the
environment that are
capable of administering
good and bad fortunes. Due
to this, they continue to
have a mangungubat or folk
curers that supposedly treat
the ill. They get their powers

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

maguindanao tribe

Maranao(Filipino:Mranaw),
also spelled
asMeranaoandMaranaw, is
the term used officially by the
Philippine government in
reference to the southern tribe
who are now the people of the
lake called Ranao in the
Iranaon language, a
predominantlyMuslimregion in
thePhilippinesisland of
Mindanao. They are famous for
their artwork, sophisticated
weaving, wood and metal crafts,
and their epic literature,
Darangen.

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
TheMaguindanaoare part of
the widerMoroethnic group,
who constitute the sixth largest
Filipino ethnic group. Their name
means people of the plains

maguindanao tribe

They speak Maguindanaon and

second languagesCebuano
Tagalog, Arabicand/orEnglish
and Chabacano.

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Talingay tribal

The Maranaos are part of the

widerMoroethnic group, who
constitute the largestMoro
ethnic group.

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Maranao and their culture can be best described by
the following:
Lake Lanao
Sarimanok
Darangen, a UNESCO Heritage
Singkil, a popular and world's recognized Philippine
dance
Okir on wooden artifacts and brasswares
The life of the Maranaos is centered onLake Lanao,
the largest in Mindanao, and the second largest and
deepestlakein the Philippines. This breathtakingly
beautiful lake is surrounded with myths and legends,
it is the main source of fisheries, and the main
source of ahydroelectric plantinstalled on it; and
the Agus River system that generates 70% of the
electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Sinama (also known as
Siyamal andBajau) is the
language of Sama people
from the Sulu Archipelago
and theBajauof Sabah,
Malaysia. The Sama are one
of the most widely dispersed
peoples in Southeast Asia.

Talingay tribal

The Sama are anindigenous

ethnic groupof
thePhilippinesandMalaysia.
They are native to the Sulu
Archipelago and can be found
in large numbers throughout
the Zamboanga Peninsula,
Davao del Sur, and Sabah

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon

Talingay tribal

The various Sama

sub-groups vary
culturally,
linguistically, and
religiously. Religion
can vary from a strict
adherence to Sunni
Islam, forms of folk
Islam, to animistic
beliefs in spirits and
ancestor worship.
There are a small
minority of Christians.

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Yakanrefers to the
majorityMuslimgroup
inBasilan, an island just
south ofZamboanga
provinceinMindanao. The
Spaniards called them
Sameacas and considered
them an aloof and
sometimes hostile hill
people

Talingay tribal

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
The Yakan have Malay features.
They are small of frame, with brown
skin, slanting eyes and black hair characteristics similar to the Dayaks
of North Borneo, leading to
speculation that they originated
from this race. They speak a
language known as Bahasa Yakan,
which is a variation of the Samal
Sinama or Siama and theTausug
languages

Talingay tribal

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Banguingui, also known
asSama Banguingui,Sama
Bangingi,Bangingi,
andSamal Banguingui, is a
distinct ethno-linguistic group
dispersed throughout theGreater
Sulu Archipelagoand southern
and western coastal regions of
theZamboanga
PeninsulainMindanao,Philippine
s.

Talingay tribal

Muslim Ethnic
groups in Luzon
Banguingui
language,Zamboangueo
Chavacano,Cebuano,Filipino,En
glish

PredominantlyIsla
m

Talingay tribal

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