HOCH

Lesson 4

33. The Passive Voice

34. The Present Tense Passive of the Circumstantial Forms
35. The Past Tense Passive of the Circumstantial Forms
36. A Variation on the Statement of Fact: Noun+sDm.f
37. Another Variation on the Statement of Fact: iw.f sDm.f
38. Circumstantial Clauses that modify Nouns:
The Relative Clause with Indefinite Antecedent
39. The Dependent Pronouns
40. Feminine and Plural Forms of the Particle mk
43. An Overview of Adjectives
44. The Predicate Adjective
45. The exclamatory .wy
46. The Impersonal Predicate Adjective + Dative
47. The Independent Use of the Feminine Singular
48. The Adjective + Noun: A Bound Construction
49. The Comparison of Adjectives #2
50. The SuperIative Notion

From Lesson 3,29. The Circumstantial sDm.f Form #1

Verb Forms
29 circumstantial active

sDm.f

30 past circumst. Active

sDm.n.f

34 present circumst. passive

35 past circumst. passive

Verb Forms in
Lesson 3
Verb Forms in
Lesson 4

57 infinitive
72 1st prospective active
72 1st prospective passive
84 Stative
Active voice Subject performs the action Bob throws the ball
Passive voice The action is done to the subject The ball is thrown by Bob
3

Circumstantial Forms

33. The Passive Voice

active voice He eats lots of olives.
passive voice Lots of olives are eaten by him.
Active voice Subject performs the action Jack hits Jill
Passive voice The action is done to the subject Jill is hit by Jack

There are two ways of forming the passive

The most common uses the verbal infix tw
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34. The Passive of the Circumstantial Forms: Present Tense

sDm.f present tense active
sDm.tw.f present tense passive
iw sDm.tw r.f
His words are heard.
An agent may be specified by the particle? in by.

iw mAA.tw.f in s nb
He is seen by everyone.

35. The Past Tense Passive of the Circumstantial Forms:

The past tense circumstantial passive form is sDm(w).f

iw nHm(w) Hm.f in pHty.f aA

His Majesty was rescued by his great strength.
Take care, the w of the sDm(w).f passive is regularly 7left off, the forms
tend to look like present tense, active circumstantial sDm.f forms

Remember slide Lesson 3, 28. Verb Classes?

Classes
Strong
Verbs
Weak
Verbs

Root
AB
ABC

Form sDm.f
AB
ABC

Form sDm.n.f
AB.n
ABC.n

ABi,
ABw or
ABy

ABi, ABw

Abi.n, Abw.n

ABCi or
ABCw

ABCi.n or
ABCi or ABCw
ABCw.n

Doubling
ABB
verbs

ABB

See Hoch Appendix 1

AB.n
8

Classes
Strong
Verbs
Weak
Verbs

Root
AB
ABC

Form sDm.tw.f Form sDm(w).f

AB.tw
AB.(w)
ABC.tw
ABC.(w)

ABi,
ABw

ABi.tw

ABi/ABw(w)

ABCi or
ABCw

Doubling
ABB
verbs

ABB.tw

http://bobmanske.com/hochverbforms.shtml
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36. A Variation on the Statement of Fact: Noun+sDm.f

Instead of starting with iw or mk, one can simply place the noun that
would be the subject of the sentence at the head of the sentence.

Dd.f
imn Htp
he says
Amenhotep
How does this fit on the grid?

n Hry-tp.f
n Dws(.i)
s
I not denounce man to his superior

10

37. Another Variation on the Statement of Fact: iw.f sDm.f

iw.f sDm.f construction produces a very light sense of emphasis

iw.r n(y) s
A mans words

n Hm.f
saves he/it

sw
Him
See 39

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38. Circumstantial Clauses that modify Nouns:

The Relative Clause with Indefinite Antecedent
Circumstantial clauses usually describe the
circumstances under which a main clause is true:
because, since, for, when, as, while, whenever
If it modifes the noun, it is a relative clause:
who, which, that

12

38.#2

The Relative Clause

Everything from 'nDs' on goes in the O slot in the first line, not the A slot
where it would go if it were simply additional information.

13

39. The Dependent Pronouns #1

14

39. The Dependent Pronouns #2

The basic use of the dependent pronouns is as the direct object of verbs

Dependent pronouns when used as the direct object of a verb get as

close to the verb as they can, and they precede the subject when it is a
noun.

15

39. The Dependent Pronouns #3 reflex

bAkt

n(y)t

wab

pn

wab.s sy

servant girl of this wab priest bathes herself

Although the reflex is mentioned in 39,
it is dealt with later in lesson 7

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40. Feminine and Plural Forms of the Particle m.k behold

Why the dot in m.k?
mk contains the 2nd masc. sing.suffix
pronoun (k) and is used when addressing
a single male individual (and in written
documents and literature).

When addressing a female

When addressing a group of people

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43. An Overview of Adjectives #1

1) As a Qualifier: modifying a noun, We did this in Lesson 3

20. Adjectives that describe the noun. (modifiers)

Good boat
Good boats

dpt nfrt
1) As a Qualifier: modifying a noun,

Dp(w)t nfr(w)t

Good house

pr nfr

Good houses

pr(w) nfrw
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adjectives as qualifers follow the noun they modify

43. An Overview of Adjectives #2

1) As a Qualifier: modifying a noun, continued.
adjectives pn, tn, and nb are used before other adjectives.

19

43. An Overview of Adjectives #3

1) As a Qualifier: modifying a noun, continued.

do not follow the noun because

they are not adjectives, but nouns
meaning (an)other one.

20

43. An Overview of Adjectives #4

2) As a Predicate: forming a sentence,
Every sentence has a subject and predicate.

More to come on predicates in ~ 44. The Predicate Adjective

21

43. An Overview of Adjectives #5

3) As a Noun: We did this in Lesson 3

21. Adjectives used as nouns

The adjective can stand on its own as a noun
nDs poor (man)
nfrt beautiful woman
nfrt pretty cow
nfrt a good thing22

44. The Predicate Adjective #1

Every sentence has a subject and predicate.

The adjective, used as predicate, occurs only in sentence initial position

i.e. as the first word of the sentence.
It occurs almost always without introductory particle.
It can be preceded by mk, but never by iw.
The predicate adjective is invariable with regard to gender and number
and does not agree with the subject.
Tense is not present in sentences employing the predicate adjective.
Compound predicate adjectives are not permitted.
The boat was big and beautiful.

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44. The Predicate Adjective #2 Examples

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44. The Predicate Adjective #3 The grid

From the Study Notes:
How do you grid these things?
They're identical to the subject of the sentence. And they're
not pronouns, so they all must go in the big S slot.

25

is known as the exclamatory wy.

26

46. The Impersonal Predicate Adjective + Dative

The predicate adjective, without a subject, can be followed by a dative

27

47. The Independent Use of the Feminine Singular

The fem. sing. form of the adjective that means:
something that is .. . ,
what is . .. ,
a ...thing.

28

48. The Adjective + Noun: A Bound Construction

whose love is sweet, or lovable.

29

49. The Comparison of Adjectives #1

In Egyptian there are no superlative forms of adjectives:
big, bigger, biggest.
In Egypt things were not just good they were:
the best in the entire land
or
so fine that nothing like them had ever been seen
(or done) since the era of the primeval gods.
The preposition r can be used to mean: with respect to or compared to.
Its known as the r of comparison.
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49. The Comparison of Adjectives #2

My son is big by comparison to the son of this scribe.

It was finer than anything.

more than anything.

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50. The SuperIative Notion

Great or greatest

Great one of the great ones

Grand one of the grandest ones

32

HOCH
Lesson 4
Exercise 4b
Refer to
HOCH 2013 Corrations
Hoch-04PVsioSOA.pdf
33

Q1b Volcab

34

Q1b

iw

wab

pn

wab.s sy

m S

fact servent
of
girl

wab
priest

this

bathes
herself

in pool

i o S

iw

bAkt

V
wab

n(y)t

s
.s

sAwt.f nb(w)t
daughters
his

sy bAkt n(y)t wab pn

m S sAwt.f nb(w)t

proposed
The servant girl of this wab priest bathes herself in the pool together
with all of his daughters.
See Slide 36
35

all

HOCH 2013 Corrations

Hoch-04PVsioSOA.pdf

36

Q2b Volcab
honey
bit
Noun (masculine)
sweet; pleasant of taste
bnr
Adjective (masculine)
taste; experience
dpt
Noun (feminine)

37

Q2b

bnr
sweet

.wy dpt
how taste

n(y)t
of

bity nfr

sy

xt

nbt

m tA pn

honey it is better than all things in this land

P Vs i o S

bnr .wy dpt n(y)t bity

nfr

sy

xt

nbt

m tA pn

How sweet the taste of this honey. It is better than all things in this land.

38

Q3b Volcab
His Majesty
Hm.f
Epithet
to rescue
nHm
Verb Tri-Consonantal Strong
Past Tense Passive?
nHm(w)
strength; power (of Gods, Kings)
pHty
Noun (masculine)
by; through
in
Preposition

39

Q3b

iw

nHm(w)
rescued

P
iw

V
nHm(w)

Hm.f
his Majesty

S
Hm.f

in

phty.f

aA

by

his strengh

great

O A
in

Phty.f

His Majesty was rescued by means of his great strength

40

aA

Q4b Volcab

plan; idea; (piece of) advice

sxr

41

Q4b
nfr sA.i
My good son

nfr.wy
how good

sDm.f n it.f
he listens to his father

iw.f m xrd
he is as a child

n.f
for him

O A

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