Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Systems Development
and Documentation
Techniques
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Chapter
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Documentation Techniques
Data Flow Diagrams
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Document Flowcharts
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System Flowcharts
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Program Flowcharts
Used by
62.5% of IT
Professionals
Used by
97.6% of IT
Professionals
Documentation Techniques
Data Flow Diagrams
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Document Flowcharts
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System Flowcharts
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Program Flowcharts
More than
92% use both
DFDs and
flowcharts.
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We need pictures
rather than a
narrative description
Source
Document
Compute
Batch
Total
Source
Document
Computer-Based Batch
Processing of Transactions
Master
Files
(Sub
Ledgers)
Batch
Total
Convert
to Mag.
Tape
Trans
Data
Edit &
Sort
Sorted
Data
Summary
of data
Update
Files
Source
Document
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To Next Slide
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Accounting Department
Purchasing Department
Initiate
Purchase
Reorder when
quantity reaches
specified level
Prepare
Purchase
Req.
Purchase
Requisition
Hold until PO is
received
Sup.
File
Inv.
Records
Prepare
PO &
approve
To Purchasing
Purchase
Order
P/R
File
Receiving Department
To Receiving
Sup.
File
File until
arrival of
goods
Inv.
Records
Match,
Post and
File
Purchase
Requisition
PO
Prepare
PO &
approve
Sup.
File
Purchase
Order
1
To Supplier
Purchase
Requisition
P/R
File
To Acct Pay
To Receiving
N
Documentation Techniques
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Documentation Techniques
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Auditors
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Systems Development
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Management
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Other Users
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You!
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Classification . . .
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Documentation is classified
according to the level of the
accounting system to which it
relates.
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Block diagrams
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Document flowcharts
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Decision Flowcharts
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Narrative descriptions
are the most general
overview and
correspondingly
show the fewest
details.
In Terms of
Level of
Detail
System flowcharts
provide less of an
overview, but
include the most
detail in this class of
documentation.
Narrative Descriptions
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A written step-by-step
explanation of system
components and interactions.
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Block Diagrams
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Block Diagrams
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Purchasing Cycle
Request for
Goods and
Services
Process
Purchase
Requisition
Document
Cash Disb.
Purchasing
Receiving
Report
Voucher
Purchase
Order
Receiving
Disb.
Approval
Purchasing Cycle
Request for
Goods and
Services
Purchase
Requisition
Purchasing
Receiving
Report
Cash
Disb.
Voucher
Vendors and
Employees
Production Cycle
Purchase
Order
Inventory
Status
Receiving
Inventory
Mgmt.
Disb.
Approval
Time
Keeping
Production
Cost
Report
Production
Schedule
Warehouse
Revenue Cycle
Customer
Sales
Order
Sales
Order
Processing
Customer
Cash
Receipts
Accounts
Receivable
Bank
Cost
Accounting
Shipping
Invoices
Customer
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S a le s o r
S a le s O r d e r
P r o c e s s in g
C r e d it
S c r e e n in g
S h ip p in g
A c c o u n ts
R e c e iv a b le
C u s to m e r
B illin g
C ash
R e c e ip t s
Broad
documentation
types . . .
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System Narratives
Block Diagrams
Document Flow
charts
Narrow
documentation
types . . .
System Flow
Charts
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Symbol
Symbol
Data Stores
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Figure 6-2
Basic Data Flow
Diagram Elements
AKA
Entity, or terminator.
terminator.
FigureAKA
6-2 Entity,
Basic Named
Data
Flow with
Named
withdescriptive
descriptivenouns
nouns
or
Diagram Elements
ornoun
nounclauses.
clauses.
Examples: Customer,
Employees, Bank, etc.
with
Figure Named
6-2
Basic Data
Flow The
clause.
Diagram Elements
Examples:
Figure
6-2
Basic Data
Flow
Accounts
Diagram Elements
Receivable,
General Ledger,
etc.
Named with a noun clause that
describes the contents of the
data store. Should not include
the word data.
FigureNamed
6-2
AKA
Entity,
with a or
noun
terminator.
clause that
Basic Data Flow
Named
describes
withthe
descriptive
data carrier
nounsand
or
Diagram
Elements
how itnoun
is implemented.
clauses.
Figure 6-3
Data Flow Diagram
of Customer
Payment process
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Data stores
cannot
communicate
with entities
Entities cannot
communicate
with other
entities.
Data stores
cannot
communicate
with other
data stores.
Processes can
communicate
with other
processes.
All processes
must have an
incoming and
outgoing data
flow.
All entities
must be
introduced at
the context
level.
Only entities
and data store
symbols may
be duplicated.
Do not cross
data flows.
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Do not use
double-ended
arrow to
represent data
flows.
Do not use
diverging
arrow to
represent
data flows
Data stores do
not appear on
the context
level diagram.
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Some Helpful
Hints
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Figure 6-5
Context Diagram for
S&S Payroll Processing
Figure 6-6
DFD for S&S
Payroll
Processing
Figure 6-7
DFD for Process
2.0 in S&S Payroll
Processing
Required
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OK . . . Lets Identify . . .
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Transformation processes;
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Bank
Bank
Payments at
Sale
Cash
Cash
Receipts
Receipts
System
System
Customers
Customers
Remittances
on Account
Cash
Receipts
Report
Aged
Trial Balance
Management
Management
Credit
Creditand
and
Collection
Collection
OK . . . Lets Identify . . .
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Transformation processes;
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Update
Accounts
When
checks are received
Receivabl
payment
for accounts due,
e
as
a
remittance slip is included with the
payment. The remittance slips are
used to update the accounts
receivable file at the end of the
day. The remittance slips are
stored in a file drawer by date.
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Required
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Operating
Departments
Employees
Internal
Reports
Human
Resouces
Department
Management
Governmental
Agencies
Personnel Data
Withholding
Reports
Data Flow Diagram for the Payroll Processing System at No-Wear Products
Personnel
Departments
Personnel Changes
Upadate
Payroll
File
(2.0)
Process
Employee
Timecards
(1.0)
Payroll File
Payroll Changes
Paycheck
Employees
Paycheck Data
Generate
Payroll
Reports
(4.0)
Internal
Reports
Management
Withholding
Reports
Governmental
Agencies
Required
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Registration
Request
Course
Registration
System
Student
Fee Notice
Prerequisite Notice
Course Closed Notice
Acceptance Notice
Course
Enrollment
Report
Instructor
Registration
Details
Student
Fees Notice
Register
Student
(1.0)
Course
Enrollment
Report
Prerequisite Notice
Course Closed Notice
Student
Student
Acceptance
Norice
Prepare
Course
Enrollment
Rpt (2.0)
Paid Registration
Details
Course File
Fees
Notice
Registration
Details
Check
Prereqs.
(1.2)
Valid Registration
Details
Prerequisite
Notice
Check
Avail.
(1.3)
Accepted Registration
Details
Student
Course Closed
Notice
Register
Student
(1.4)