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2.
3.
4.
START
DESIGN CONDITION
STOP
APAKAH HASIL
SALING BERKAITAN
1. PANJANG KAPAL
fully loaded .
Length Overall (L OA) : The total length of the ship from one end to the other,
the base at the level of the design waterline from the after perpendicular to the
forward perpendicular.
Length Overall Submerged (L OS) : The total submerged length of the ship
Length of Parallel Middle Body (L P) : The length over which the midship
Length of Run (L R) : The length from the section of maximum area or the
1. PANJANG KAPAL
PENGARUH TERHADAP HASIL PERANCANGAN
1. PANJANG KAPAL
RUMUS PENDEKATAN
FORMULA POSDUNINE
Dimana
L C
V
L
C
=
=
=
=
L 3 PQ 3 PQ
P b. 3 .V
1
Q b. 3 . V 2 2. 3
Dimana :
L
b
=
=
=
=
=
1. PANJANG KAPAL
RUMUS PENDEKATAN
FORMULA SCHNEEKLUTH
V
L
= Displacement (ton)
= kecepatan (knot)
= panjang kapal (meter)
FORMULA VOLKERS
L
V
3
,
5
4
,
5
1/ 3
g .1/ 3
Dimana :
V
g
L
1. PANJANG KAPAL
BEBERAPA PEMERIKSAAN TERHADAP PANJANG
1. Faktor luar (panjang slipway, dock, pelabuhan) .
2. Kemungkinan penghematan terhadap jumlah sekat.
3. Tidak melebihi batas maksimal L/H sesuai persyaratan kelas.
4. Interferensi bow dan stern wave system menurut harga Fn
(Diusahakan L
/2
= ganjil)
2. LEBAR KAPAL
BEBERAPA PENGERTIAN TENTANG LEBAR KAPAL
Bm
Boa
C. B
MG
Dimana
t= periode oleng (8 ~ 20 detik)
C = konstanta (0.36 ~ 0.6)
B = lebar kapal (feet)
MG = jari-jari metacentre (feet)
2. LEBAR KAPAL
KEUNTUNGAN B DIPERBESAR (A = konstan)
Stabilitas lebih baik
Sarat kapal lebih kecil
KEKURANGAN B DIPERBESAR (A = konstan)
Tahanan kapal lebih besar
Sarat kecil, sehingga diameter propeller terbatas
Konstruksi bottom dan deck lebih besar
RUMUS PENDEKATAN
B = a.L + b
(meter)
Dimana:
a = 0.1
b = 1/9.L + 3.66
3. TINGGI KAPAL
PENGERTIAN TENTANG TINGGI KAPAL
H
C. B
MG
T
C
B
MG
=
=
=
=
3. TINGGI KAPAL
KEUNTUNGAN H LEBIH BESAR
freeboard
Kekuatan kapal
Kapasitas Ruang muat
KEKURANGAN H LEBIH BESAR
Stabilitas (KG lebih besar)
4. SARAT KAPAL
PENGERTIAN TENTANG SARAT KAPAL
Sarat maksimum yang direncanakan untuk muatan penuh pada musim panas
KB
.T
0,004 . B 2
MB
12. . T
Dimana : = Water plane area
= 0.025
= koefisien block
4. SARAT KAPAL
KEUNTUNGAN T LEBIH BESAR
Diameter propeller lebih besar
Stabilitas lebih baik
Cb
Volume Carene
LxBxT
Cb 1,137 - 0,6 V
Ayre
Cb 1,06 - 0,5 V
Telfer
3 B V
Cb 1 -
1 .
8 L L
0,14 L B 20
.
Fn
26
0,23 L B 20
Cb
.
2
3
26
Fn
Cb
Schneekluth
Dimana Fn
: Vs
g .L
V = kecepatan (m/s)
g = percepatan grafitasi (m/s2)
L = panjang kapal (m)
Luas midship
Cm
BxT
PENGARUH TERHADAP HASIL PERENCANAAN
RUMUS PENDEKATAN
Van Lammeren : Cm = 0,9 + 0,1.Cb
Kerlen
: Cm = 1,006 0,0056.Cb-3,56
Cwpa
: CWPA Cb 0,025
CWPA Cp
1
CWPA
2. Bentuk U
2.Cb
Cm
3
1 2.Cb
3
0,50
0,55
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,00
0,720
0,706
0,684
0,634
0,591
0,552
0,514
0,740
0,730
0,711
0,663
0,617
0,573
0,535
0,759
0,751
0,737
0,693
0,648
0,603
0,560
0,780
0,780
0,761
0,725
0,681
0,637
0,590
L/B
:17
Terbatas / Tenang
:18
1. BENTUK V
2. BENTUK U
Hull
Bow
Stern
Port
LWL and the forward end of the immersed part of the ships hull.
After Perpendicular (AP) : The vertical line at the point of intersection of the LWL
Midships () : The point midway between the forward and after perpendiculars.
Deck Camber : The rise of the deck of the ship in going from the
Bilge Radius
Tumblehome
Parallel Middle Body : The portion of the ship over which the
Tonnage Measurement
Gross tonnage is the capacity of the spaces in
Principal Dimensions
Moulded Beam or Breadth (B) : The distance from the inside of plating on one side to a
similar point on the other side measured at the broadest part of the ship
waterline.
Draught (T) : The vertical distance from the waterline at any point on the hull to the
Freeboard (f) : The vertical distance from the waterline to the deck at side. The freeboard
is equal to the difference between the depth at side and the draught at any point along the
ship.
Wetted Surface : The area of the underwater hull and appendages, measured in square
meters.
Displacement
The weight of water that would displaced by the volume of the hull
measured on the outer surface of the shell plating below the
waterline. Displacement tonnage of a vessel can be obtained directly
from Archimedes principle by multiplying its underwater volume by
the density of water.
Light ship
The lightweight tonnage of a ship is the sum of all fixed weights,
i.e. hull, machinery, outfit and permanent equipment.
LS=WS+WM+WO
Deadweight
The difference between the displacement and the lightweight is
the deadweight tonnage which is the sum of the weight of cargo,
fuel, lubricating oil, fresh water, stores, passengers and baggage,
crew and their effects.
DWT=WC+WF+WLO+WFO+ WPAS+WLUG+WCREW+WSTORE
TEU/FEU
Container Ships are designed for stowage of containers in vertical
stacks or cells either within the hold of the vessel, on deck, or a
combination of the two. Containers are described in "FEU's" or
"TEU's".
"FEU" is a forty foot long container (Forty foot Equivalent Unit)
"TEU" is a twenty foot long container. (Twenty foot Equivalent Unit
)
There are six basic types of containers.
Refrigerated containers
dry bulk containers;
rack containers for lumber, etc;
automotive containers;
livestock containers;
collapsible containers for stowing when not in use.
Cubic Capacity
Tank ships are described in terms of oil carrying capacity. Barrel (bbl)
is the standard liquid cargo unit of measurement and one barrel
consists of 42 gallons (5.515 cubic feet, 0.156 cubic meter). One ton of
fuel oil is equivalent to 6.63 barrels.
Dry bulk cargo ships may also be described in terms of Cubic Bales or
Cubic Grain. Cubic Bales is the space available for cargo measured in
cubic feet within a ship cargo hold to the inside of the cargo battens,
on the frames and to the underside of the deck beams.
Grain cubic isthe maximum space available for the cargo within a
ship's hold in cubic meter, incorporating all volume inside the shell
plating of the hull and to the underside of the upper deck plating. Grain
Cubic occupies a larger cargo volume than the ship's Bale Cubic rating.
Passenger
A passenger is every person other than:
(a) the master and the members of the crew or other
Gross Tonnage
The gross tonnage (GT) of a ship shall be determined by the
following formula:
GT = K1V
where:
V = total volume of all enclosed spaces of the ship in cubic metres
K1 = 0.2 + 0.02 log10 V
Regulation 4
Net Tonnage
The net tonnage (NT) of a ship shall be determined by the following
formula:
in which formula
(a) the factor