TOPIC 8 : WINDOW

A window must be aesthetically acceptable in the context of building

design and surrounding environment.

PURPOSE OF WINDOW
to provide for occasional rapid
ventilation and sunlight entry.
to provide a vision out with the world
outside the building
window should be selected or designed
to resist wind loadings, be easy to clean
and provide for safety and security.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT OF
WINDOW.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Strength
Weather Resistance
Sound insulation
Heat insulation
Fire Resistance

TYPES OF WINDOW

a)HINGED WINDOW/CASEMENT WINDOW

b)PIVOT WINDOW
c) SLIDING WINDOW
d)SWINGS WINDOW
e)LOUVRE WINDOW
f) FIXED WINDOW

a) HINGED WINDOW
i. Hinged at the side
- this window open from the side.
ii.
Hinged at the top
- this window open from the bottom.
ii.
Hinged at the bottom
- this window open from the top.

b) PIVOT WINDOW
i. Horizontal pivot
ii. Vertical pivot
- this window sash hung on
centre pivots

c) SLIDING WINDOW
i. Horizontal Sliding
- Horizontal sliders from side to side to open.
ii. Vertical sliding
- Vertical sliders move up and down to open
- Gives good controlled ventilation without any forward
or backward projection of sash
iii.Folding sliding

d) SWINGS WINDOW
i. Side swing
ii. Top swing
- swing window open to 90 degrees and
fitted with a multi-point locking system for
handle and restrictor

e) LOUVRE WINDOW
- Good ventilation with only small projections of
louvers.
- Louvres hung on centre pivots.

f) FIXED WINDOW
- usually used in conjunction with other types

COMPONENTS OF WINDOW
a)CASEMENT WINDOW
Head
Jamb
Mullion
JAMB
Bottom rail
Top rail
TRANSOM
Transom
Sill

HEAD
TOP RAIL

BUTTOM
RAIL

SILL
MULLION

b) LOUVRE WINDOW
Headrail
Louvre insert/hanger
Louvre glass
Head
Sill

HEAD

LOUVRE GLASS

HEADRAIL

LOUVRE HANGER

SILL

WINDOW MATERIALS
Windows are made from wood, aluminum, PVC,
fiberglass, or from a combination of these materials.
i. WOOD WINDOWS
Wood windows are warm, traditional and
aesthetically pleasing.
Because it is a good insulator, wood does not
become cold like metal and glass.
Wood is treated with preservatives to prevent rotting.
Wood windows can be painted on the exterior, or
clad with aluminum or PVC profiles for better
weathering and reduced maintenance.

ii. ALUMINUM WINDOWS

Aluminum windows are more durable than wood, and
are thinner, lighter, and easier to handle.
But aluminum is a poor insulator and in cold weather,
Most recent aluminum windows are manufactured with
a thermal break, a vinyl or rubber strip that separates
the exterior and interior aluminum parts of the window.
The thermal break reduces the movement of cold from
the outside to the inside of the building.
Most commercial applications still specify aluminum
windows.

iii. PVC WINDOWS

PVC windows are relatively new, having only
been introduced during the last 25 years.
These windows are extruded from highimpact
resistant polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
PVC windows have excellent weathering
characteristics, are almost maintenance-free
and have excellent resistance to heat loss.
PVC is available in several extruded colours.

iv. FIBERGLASS WINDOWS

Fiberglass windows are the latest window products
to be developed.
Fiberglass and PVC lineals look similar at first
glance, however, fiberglass is much more rigid than
PVC

WOOD WINDOW

ALUMINUM WINDOW

PVC WINDOW

FIBREGLASS
WINDOW

WINDOW LOCATION
i. LIVING ROOM
between 675 mm to 900mm from floor level
ii. BEDROOM
between 700mm - 900mm from floor level
iii.BATHROOM
more than 1050 mm from floor level

IRONMONGERY FOR WINDOW

ironmongery usually supplied with and factory fitted to the
windows.
Ironmongery divided into three categories:
i. ironmongery for hanging
ii. Ironmongery for operating
iii. Ironmongery for safety

TYPE OF IRONMONGERY FOR WINDOW

i. Ironmongery for hanging

Stainless steel door hinge

ii.Ironmongery for operating

PIN STAY

Casement stay

QUADRANT STAY

FOLDING STAY

i. Ironmongery for safety

Casement fastener