Adverb Clauses

Clause is a group of words that

contains at least one subject and a
verb showing past, present, or a future
time. Clauses are either independent or
dependent
Independent clauses(main clauses)
can stand alone as complete
sentences.
Dependent clauses(subordinate
clauses) cannot stand alone as
complete sentences.

Example

You could win a medal(independent

Complex sentences is a sentences containing

both an independent clause and dependent
clause. Main idea is normally in the independent
clause.
Example

If we can get tickets(dependent clause), well

go to the game(independent clause/main idea).
Clauses can come in either order, if the
dependent clause comes first, we place a comma
after it.
Example
Whenever I exercise, I feel good.
I feel good whenever I exercise.

Adverb clauses are dependent clauses

that indicate how, when, where, why, or
under what conditions thing happen.
Adverb clauses may also introduce a
contrast.
Example

I went home when the game was over.

(when)
She dropped out of the race because she
was injured. (why)
They won the game, although the score
was very close. (contrast)

Adverb clauses begin with subordinating

conjunctions (also called subordinating
adverbs), which can be either single words or
phrases.
Example
It began to rain while we were playing.
I have to practice a lot now that Im on the
time.
Adverb clauses sometimes come inside
independent clauses.
Example
Her ability when she got to high school was
remarkable.

ADVERB CLAUSES OF
TIME

Indicate WHEN something happens

Introduced by:
after, as, as soon as, before, by the
time,
once,since, until/till, etc.
For example:
We watch a movie after he arrives.
We dont eat until everyone receives
food.

Be careful!!
In complex sentences, do not use will
and be going to in the dependent
clause to show future time.
For example:
We will watch a movie after he arrives
Not: We will watch a movie after he
will
arrives.

ADVERB CLAUSES OF
PLACE

Indicate WHERE something happens.

Introduced by:
anywhere, everywhere, where,
whenever,
etc.
For example:
Most athletes are popular wherever
they go.

ADVERB CLAUSES OF
REASON

Indicate WHY something happens.

Introduced by:
because, now that, since, etc.
For example:
I sing because I like singing.
Since he didnt register in time, he
cant play.

Notes:
As and Since are used when the reason is already
known to the listener.
Example:
As it is raining again we will have to
cancel the match.
As and Since-clauses are relatively formal. In
informal style, the same idea can be expressed
with so.
Example:
It is raining again, so we will have to
cancel the match.

Continue..
Because-clause can stand alone. As
and Since-clauses cannot stand alone.
Example:
Why are you looking at
her like
that? Because she
smiled at me.
( Not: As she smiled at me)
( Not: Since she smiled at me.)

Adverb clauses of condition indicate under what

conditions something happens. They are introduced by even
if, if, only if, unless, in case, etc.
For example: Youll improve if you practice daily.
Even if means that the condition does not matter, the
result will be the same.
For example: Even if he practices constantly, he
wont make the team.
Only if means that the only one condition will produce the
result.
For example: Bi-Yun will make the team only if
another athlete drops out.
Unless means that something will happen or be true if
another thing does not happen or is not true.
For example: Unless you train a great deal, you wont
be a champion.
In case means in order to be prepared for a possible future
happening.
For example: Wed better take along some extra
money in case we run into difficulties.

If the sentences begins with only if, the subject and verb
of the main clauses are inverted, and no comma is used.
For example: Only if another athlete drops out will BiYun
make the team
Dont confuse even if or even though with even
For example: Even if they win this game, they wont be
the champions.
Even my mother understands the rules of
baseball.

Adverb clauses of contrast make a contrast with

the idea expressed in the independent clause. They
are introduced by although, even though, though,
whereas, while, etc.
For example: He lost the race, although he was
favored.
Even though she is tall, she doesnt
score
much.
We usually use although, even though, and though
when we want to show unexpected result.
For example: Although/ Even though/ Though he is
quite
young, he was selected for the team.
(comma
after the clauses).

We normally place a comma before or after a dependent

clause of contrast.
For example: He was selected for the team, though/
although/ even though he is quite young.
Though/ Although/ Even though he is
quite
young, he was selected for the team.
To make a direct contrast, we use while or whereas.
For example: While/ Whereas downhill skiing is very
expensive, cross-country skiing is cheap.
Whereas is used in formal written English and careful
speech.
While is used to introduce both clause of contrast and a
clause of time.
For example: While they lost the game, they played
their
best. (contrast)
We ate while we were watching the
game.
(time)