Emerging Trends in

Probiotics Research For

Human Health

Hariom Yadav and Shalini Jain

Animal Biochemistry Division
National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal-132001 (Haryana)INDIA

Probiotics concept
Probiotics are living microorganisms which upon ingestion
in sufficient numbers, exert health benefits beyond basic
nutrition.

Intensive research area in the world..

Probiotics health benefits

Elimination of lactose intolerance

Anti-diarrheal

Immunomodulatory

Antidiabetic

Anticarcinogenic

Hypocholesterolemic

Antihypertensive

Probiotics microorganisms
Probitocs consist specific microbial cultures and/ or ingredients that
stimulate gut micro flora capable of modifying the gastrointestinal
environment which keeps the host healthy

Lactic acid producing bacteria

Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium
Yeast
Others
Commercially available products may contain
pure and combined cultures of:
Lactobacillus
Bifidobacterium
Streptococcus
Pedicococcus
Aspergillus
Bacillus

Probiotics attributes
Acid tolerance
Bile tolerance
Cell surface hydrophobicity
Protoplast regeneration
Antimicrobial activity
Cholesterol removal and bile salt deconjugation
Gut colonization
Lactose removal
Protease and aminopeptidase activity

rovements for survival of probi

Heat from pelleting and long storage of products may render the non
viability of the product. For improving the survival of probiotic cultures
following practices has been applied.
Microincapsulation

Entrapment of micro-organisms with artificial/ biological membranes/

supports/ coverings

Prebiotics

Addition of prebiotics such as inulin, fructo-oligosacchrides etc.

Other food supplements

Addition of other food additives such as fibres, vitamins etc.

Prebiotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible but fermentable
oligosaccharides that are specifically designed to change the
composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota with
prospect to promote the health of the host.

Synbiotics

A synbiotics is a combination of one or more probiotics

and prebiotics.

urported mechanisms of action

Free amino acids
Neutralization of

Organic acids

dietary carcinogens
-Galactosidase activity

Oligosaccharides

Probiotics

Immunostimulatory

Cholesterol assimilation
Antioxidant
Short chain fatty acids
Survival and adhesion

Bioactive peptides
Bacteriocin

competitions with
pathogenic bacteria

Adhesive

Non-adhesive

Microorganisms

M = M cells of intestinal epithelium

L = Lymphocytes

Immune Response

APC = Antigen presenting cells

Intestinal Epithelium

Th = T-helper cells
M

IL = Interleukines
TGF = Tumour growth factor
IFN = Interferon
TNF = Tumour necrosis factor

L
L

L
APC

Ig = Immunoglobulin

Th0
IgG
Cell
mediated
response

IL-2
IFN-

TGF-
IL-4
IL-10

Antibody
mediated
response

IgM
IgE

B
Th2

Th1

IgA
IL-2
IFN-
TNF-
IFN-
Natural killer cells
Macrophages
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes

Viruses

Tumors

Current trends
Anticarcinogenic: Colon, breast and others
Antidiabetic
Anti-allergic
Anti-inflammatory Diseases: IBD, Ulcerative colitis, Crohn
disease, Pouchitis and Postoperative complications
Genetically modified probiotics
Oral vaccine development

Future perspectives
Elucidate the physiological role and mechanism of action probiotics
Extent of influence of probiotics in human health using human feeding studies
Studies on human populations for colon cancer or cancer recurrence
Validate markers used for assessing probiotic function. Testing of predictions
based on biomarker studies with actual results in human clinical evaluation is
needed. Biomarker validated in the areas of immune system, cancer and gut
microbiology is especially important. Once validated biomarkers will be useful
tools to assess the dose dependence and strain specific responses.
Assess effects of probiotics on populations and activity of gut microbes. The
application of gene based methods holds much promise in this field.
Improve reliability and ease of taxonomic classification of probiotic bacteria.
Improve strain performance and activity.

titutes Engaged for Probiotics Research in Ind

Central Food Technology and Research Institute, Mysore

National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal

Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh

National Dairy Development Board, Anand

Nestle Pvt Ltd, Panipat

Eat Probiotics foods, live healthy life

So..
Eat the good bugs every day.
Invite them in..
You will find they make very friendly
houseguests.