Computational Fluid

Dynamics Modeling
of Combustion

Coens CFD Modeling

Over 15 years of CFD experience

supports internal R&D

studies of customers cases

Typical CFD models involve:

turbulent gas flow, combustion, radiation, mixing,

droplets/particles combustion, NOx formation ...
fuels: natural gas, coke gas, blast furnace gas,
non-condensible gas, stripper off-gas, oil, coal,
wood, coke particles ...
burners, boilers, kilns, windboxes, ducts ...

CFD Software

Fluent - Fluent Inc.

CFX - AEA Technology

CFD-Ace - CFDRC

Phoenics - CHAM

Star-CD - ADAPCO

Kiva, CFD2000, AVL, ICEM-CFD, Flow-3d ...

Computer Resources

Computer Hardware

PC Workstations (Intel, AMD)

Parallel computing on PC-cluster (16 PCs
with Linux OS)

Computer Software

Gambit 2.0
Fluent 6.0

CFD Methodology - Summary

Mathematical model, PDE

Discretization, grid generation

upwind, central, hybrid, power, QUICK

Solution algorithms

Finite Volume, Finite Element, Finite Difference

Differencing (interpolation) schemes

mass, momentum, energy, species ...

SIMPLE, SIMPLEC, PISO

Physical submodels

(turbulence, radiation )

Grid Generation

Rectangular - curvilinear (body fitted)

Multi-block, multi-grid

Orthogonal non-orthogonal
(generalized)

Structured - unstructured

Turbulence Models

Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS)

Large Eddy Simulation (LES)

Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes eqations

(RANS)

Reynolds Stress Model (RSM)

k-epsilon models

Standard, RNG, realizable

k-omega

Spalart-Allmaras

Combustion Models

Finite rate models

Arrhenius rate expression

eddy dissipation/breakup
- Magnussen model

Mixture fraction/PDF model

equilibrium chemistry

Laminar flamelet model

Premixed combustion model

(non-equilibrium)

Pollution Formation Models

NOx formation

thermal NOx
prompt NOx
fuel NOx

Soot formation

single step model

two step model

Radiation Models

Discrete Transfer Radiation Model

(DTRM)

P-1 radiation model

Rossland radiation model

Discrete Ordinates (DO)

radiation model

Gas Temperature and Velocity

Velocity

Pathlines

Gas Temperature

Flow Pattern in T-fired Boiler

Screen
Tubes

Bullnose
Refractory
OFA Ports

CO gas Ports

UFA Ports

Iso-surface of 60m/s (200fps)

velocity magnitude at CO-gas
ports and Pathlines visualizing
center core swirl

Species concentration in T-Boiler

CO (0-100ppm)

Oxygen (0-10%)

Pressure in T-Boiler Duct System

[in WC]

Pathlines in T-Boiler Duct System

[ft/s]

Gas velocity pattern - full load

3 burners

6 burners

Multifuel Kiln Burner

Coke particles
combustion

Natural gas
combustion
Radiation heat transfer

Oil spray

Flame shape and swirl

Gas temperature - CO combustion
moderate
swirl
high
swirl
Radiation
heat transfer
W/m2

Study of NCG combustion

Gas temperature

Pathlines

Windbox Air Flow Modeling

Smelter Furnace

Pathlines colored with temperature

20m/s iso-surface with temp. contours

Upfired Duct Burner

Initial flow and temperature field

Corrected flow and temperature field

Gas Velocity Pattern in Duct Burner

Single Wing Duct Burner

11m/s

811K

Streamlines

Gas temperature

1800K

11%O2
>0.05%F

Fuel/O2 distribution

Combustion Modeling

Steady state Reynolds

Stress Turbulence Model

Transient Large Eddy

Simulation Turbulence
Model

Gas temperature contours

Duct Burner Flame

TEGInitial
Conditions
2MBtu/hr/ft
1100F
33ft/s
12%O2
100frames,0.5secrealtime

Flame Extinction Study

TEGtemperaturedropsfrom1100F(stable
combustion)to500F(flameextinction)
TEGInitial
Conditions
2MBtu/hr/ft
1100F
33ft/s
12%O2
200frames,1secrealtime

Flame Extinction Study

TEGO2dropsfrom12%(stablecombustion)to
10%(flameextinction)
TEGInitial
Conditions
2MBtu/hr/ft
1100F
33ft/s
12%O2
250frames,1.25secrealtime

Duct Burner CO Emission Study

Gastemperature

Pathlinescoloredwith
velocitymagnitude

COconcentration

COemissionwithtime

Coens CFD Modeling

COEN successfully uses Computational Fluid

Dynamics to predict gas flow patterns, flame shape
and emissions in combustion processes

CFD modeling gives additional assurance of optimal

burner/boiler design and performance