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basic a
solution is.
The pH scale
The pH scale is the
concentration of hydrogen
ions in a given substance.
pH log H
Cont.
Bases have a pH from 7-14
Higher pH value indicates a
stronger base.
The higher the pH value, the
higher the concentration of
OH ions.
Did we Miss
something??
What happens when the pH of
a substance is 7?
Ans: A pH level of 7 indicates
a Neutral Substance i.e:
Water!
Apparatus to measure pH
value
pH meter
pH paper
Universal Indicator
pH METERS
Universal Indicators
Colors
Universal Indicator is a mixture of
different indicators which covers the full
range of pH values
[ H + ] = 10
For bases
[ H +] = 3
For acids
WHEN THE
CONCENTRATION OF
HYDROGEN IONS
[H+] IN SOLUTION
INCREASE
SO THE pH VALUES
ARE
LOWER
WHEN THE
CONCENTRATION
OF HYDROXIDE
IONS [OH+] IN
SOLUTION
INCREASE
SO THE pH VALUES
ARE
H+ (aq) () + A-(aq)
H A
A
H
HA
Example ?
After dissociation
H+
H2 O
H+
(aq)
A-
A-
H+
(aq)
AH
H+
A-
+ A-(aq)
Back
H A
H A
A
HA
Example ?
After dissociation
H+
H2 O
AH+
A-
(aq)
H+
A-
H+
(aq)
A-
H+
+ A-(aq)
Back
After dissociation
OH
OH
B OH
H2 O
OH-
B+
OH-
OH
BOH (aq)
B+
B+
OH-
B+
OH-
B+ (aq) + OH-(aq)
Back
OH
OH
B OH
After dissociation
B+ OH
H2 O
OH+
OH- B OH B+
OH
BOH
(aq)
B+
B+
(aq)
+ OH-(aq)
Back