Machinery Auxiliary Systems

Contents and Targets

Supplementary to Project Guide. Presentation focuses on
system part in excess of engine system diagrams.
Target is presentation of real systems and their components
in ships.
Many auxiliary systems are not dependent on engine power
or transmission mode (electric - mechanical)
Most are more dependent on number of main engines and
number of main engine compartments
Redundant engine rooms should be based on reliability and
maintainability analysis
Simple is beautiful! This is valid for all systems.
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Fuel Oil Systems

HFO treatment plant in ship now

receives ample attention. It
hardly depends on fuel quality.
Fuel fed to engine must be
homogenous
clean of particles
in correct viscosity
in correct pressure
ample circulation flow

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This requires proper systems for

bunkering,
storage,
transfer,
purifying,
feeding
Every stage consists of potential
hazards, both in system design
and ship operation

Fuel Oil Bunkering

Bunkering place depends on price and quality. Extra fuel is
carried onboard for one or two roundtrips.
Bunkering stations on both sides. Capacity to receive 100
1000 m3/h. Most ships have own volume counters.
Standardised flanges for HFO and MDO to prevent errors.
Gravity filling when delivered to shipside.
Station is arranged so, that fuel entering in overflow pipe is
immediately detected.
Fuel related problems are well-known. Most owners utilise
analysing services: Sample dripped into sealed bottles.
New fuel is kept separate to avoid compatibility problems.

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Fuel Oil Bunkering

Most ships
have own
volume
counters.

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Fuel Oil Bunkering and Storage

HFO overflow tank
DO transfer pump
DO day tank

DO Emerg
gener. tank

DO storag t.

Bunkering station
midship, open deck
(sometimes engine
room fore corner)

HFO
settling t.
HFO storage
tanks P & SB

day tanks
settling t.

DO transfer pump
(often purifier pump)
HFO suction line
HFO pump suction line
HFO transfer pumps
transfer pump dimensioned for max. 6 h / day

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HFO drop fill line

in double bottom
pipe tunnel

Fuel Oil Storage and Transfer

HFO is stored in deep and DB
tanks. Fore and aft tanks help
optimal trim. Not against shell!
HFO tank & transfer pipe
heating is major energy
consumer. Many new cargo
ships have deep tank groups,
not extending to sides.
Dimensioning: largest tank kept
at 40oC while second largest is
heated up.
HFO transfer pump feeds fuel
to settling tanks. Two tanks for
safety and flexibility.
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Storage tank equipment:

sounding: remote and local,
air pipes,
overflow pipes,
heating coils in bottom & around
suction bell,
Settling tank allows water and
impurities sedimentation on
bottom. Equipment: heating coils,
insulation, water drain, suction
above bottom, baffle plates. High
tank with inclined bottom.
Kept at constant temperature
60oC.

Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying

From HFO
transfer
pumps

Overflow line from HFO

day tank to settling tank

Cooler

Preheaters

Water drain in
all fuel tanks
HFO day tank

Purifier feed pumps

From DO storage

DO feed pump

Separate day tanks for HFO and MDO

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To sludge tank

Fuel Oil Transfer and Purifying

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Fuel Oil Feeder Systems

Cooling coil Pressure setting
HFO day tank DO day tank

Flow
meter

De-aeration
(mixing) tank

Viscosimeter
Pressure
setting
after ME
Clean leak

Dirty leak

Self cleaning filter,

manual bypass filter

Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

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Fuel Oil Feeder Systems

Never more than 3 engines connected to one system

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Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units

Preferably no HFO tanks against sea

Diesel Oil
HFO
Storage tank Storage tank

Overflow tk
(Port side)
Fuel purifiers HFO Settling tk Service tk HFO Storage tk

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Positions of Fuel Oil Treatment Units

Fuel Oil
HFO Storage
transfer pumps tanks
HFO Storage tanks also in fore ship

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Fuel Oil Feeding Systems

Practical engine room designer topics
Only two engines fitted into one system
Location of booster module:
fuel corner is recommended, together with fuel purifiers
rather high distance from engines accepted
protected piping route! Not near walkways, delicate
components nor areas where heavy loads are moved.
module maintenance aspects. Insulated pipe is no footstep!
plan a safe escape route in case of fire

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Fuel Oil Feeding Systems

Damping of pressure pulses

Injection pump causes short duration pulses
Level 15 bar in common, even 80 bar measured
Mild failures: pressure sensors, ..
Serious failures: pipe ruptures
Level is difficult to predict, level depends on many parameters
IMO will set limit to 16 bar or double wall pipes required
Many types of dampers are used

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Fuel Oil Feeding Systems

Common problems:
frequent filter clogging: incompatible fuel, small filters, purifier problems
element cavitation caused by water or gas in fuel
screw pump seizure as result of excessive recirculation

Fire hazard
MDO spray ignites immediately when hit on a hot (>150C) surface.
HFO ignition almost equivalent
Protective shielding around flange connections with leak monitoring
Location of fuel lines, delicate and hot equipment
Highest heat is directed above the flames

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Fuel Oil Equipment on Engine

Injection pumps and pipes are generally well encapsulated
Pressure control valve fitted on each engine
Supply and return pipes must tolerate constant movement
of resiliently mounted engine
Leakage oil pipes (clean and dirty) monitored by level
switch, trace heating needed
Engine driven fuel circulation pumps common, especially in
auxiliary engines
Emergency operation secured with gravity MDO tank or
pneumatic pump

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Lubrication Oil Systems

Separate system for each
engine. Right design of
circulation tank important.
Note main pump height and
its suction capacity.
Cavitation is common!

Cooler and thermostate

valve are often built on
the engine

Both automatic filter and

safety filters are installed
Continuously operating oil
clarifier in by-pass line
Stop valves in sump drain
pipes are required if no
Oil level
cofferdam is built below
circulation oil tank. They
prevent water entering in
Purifier suction in
engine and machinery space.
the lowest point
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Vent pipe led to

engine casing

Lubrication Oil Systems

Engine driven pumps are preferred if several main engines.

Electrically driven priming pump, its capacity depends on duty.
Two full size electrically driven pumps are standard for single
engine ships
Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases
(when no disconnection clutch). Gravity tank or pneumatically
driven pump
Stop valves in sump drain pipes are required if no cofferdam is
built below circulation oil tank
Flexible pipe joints in case of resiliently mounted engine

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Lubrication Oil Systems

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CP Propeller Lubrication Oil Systems

CP-propeller oil system is integrated for pitch control, cooling
and lubrication of mechanisms.
Separate from any other oil system. Typically two electrically
driven pumps, filters and coolers assembled on top of storage
tank.
Emergency lubrication arrangement needed in special cases.
Monitoring of water content and metal debris in oil is important.
Contaminated oil lot is replaced. Can also be purified with
centrifuge unit.

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Positions of Fuel and Lubrication Oil Equipment

LO purifiers
FO booster module (to
CL of HFO service tank)

LO circulation tank
(more
LO tanks in double bottom)
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LO pumps
and filters

LO coolers

Steam and Fresh Water Systems MS Seahorse

Sanitary
water
treatment

30

Condenser

35

40

45

50

55

60

Fresh water tanks

P & S 2 x 100 m3

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Fresh w generator

65

70

75

50

55

60

65

70

75

Overhaul and Material Transport MS Seahorse

Traverse
crane above
main engine

-5

10

15

20

25

30

Lifting rail above in

the shaft tunnel

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Engine
store

Engineer
workshop
Bunkering
stations
P&S

35

40

45

50

55

60

(Port) Heavy main engine

spare parts secured

65

70

75

Overhaul and Material Transport MS Seahorse

(Port) Heavy engine
spare parts secured

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

50

Lifting rails above diesel gensets, Engine

in workshop and store
store

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Service hatches to weather

deck at service crane reach

55

60

65

Engineer
workshop

70

75

Oil Treatment and Storages MS Seahorse

Bunkering
station P&S
on main
deck 19500
DOUBLE
BOTTOM
TANKS in
50 % scale
Oil circulation
tank 50 m3 CW drain
tank 18 m3 AE LO
tank 10 m3
Boiler feed
water 44 m3

HFO transfer
pumps (on
the tanktop)
Distribution box 25 m3
Low sea chest

Leak oil tank 15 m3

HFO storage
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Leak Oil 8 m3
HFO overflow 35 m3

HFO
DB
stor.

HFO
day
tank

HFO
settling
tank

Oil Treatment and Storages MS Seahorse

Access to
steering gear

Cylinder Oil tank 50 m3

AE LO units

LO
tanks

MDO
storage
tanks

AE booster unit
30

35

40

45

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50

55

LO purifiers

60

65

70

75

HFO purifiers
& booster unit

50

55

60

65

HFO settling
and day tanks

70

75

Lube Oil and Cooling Water Systems MS Seahorse

Central coolers

Main SW pumps
Sea chests

LO transfer
pump

SW
filters
Fire pump
Aux. SW
pumps
LO filter

Fire pump
LO
circulation
pumps

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LO automatic
filter