Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction
Clean agents
Automatic sprinklers
Clean agent + Automatic sprinkler
Best Protection?
Objective
Fire Control
Heat
Release
Rate
sprinkler activation
Time
Preaction System
Operation of detector trips valve
Water delivered when head T=T rating
Control
panel
Valve
Detector
Sprinkler head
Water supply
Are clean
No residues
Fire extinguishment
(clean agent)
Time
FIRE CONTROL
Heat
Release
Rate
clean agent
system activation
detection
FIRE EXTINGUISHMENT
Time
Sprinkler Systems
Water
Gas
Design Objective
Fire Control:
Confine fire
Control ceiling T
Protect structure
Activation
Can be 100's of kW
No. Water not three dimensional,
will not fill entire enclosure
No. Water damage, smoke
damage
Design Objective
Total Flooding
Cleanliness
Fire Extinguishment
Protect contents of structure
Automatic activation following
detection (air sampling, smoke
detectors)
Low as 0.1 kW with air
aspirating detection system
Yes. Agent distributed
uniformly throughout enclosure
Yes. No residues to clean up
following extinguishment
FM-200 System
Detection/Alarm Systems
Facility
FM-200 Tests
Sprinkler Test
All Tests
20 ft
North
32 ft 10 in
26 ft
32 ft 10 in
Four Drawer
File Cabinet
IBM Cabinet
Smaller Cabinet
Tables
Window
Test Fire
Fuel Array
Eight Sheets of
8 x 16 x 3/8 in
ABS
76
16
16
1
7
21
38
2 in pan with
3 ml n-Heptane
Heat Release, kW
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
Tim e, seconds
400
500
Fenwal AnaLASER II
7% by volume FM-200
Water supply designed to supply the two sprinklers nearest the fire
location for a period of 30 minutes at the required design flow rate
of 18.2 gpm (application density 0.15 gpm/ft2)
Enclosure Instrumentation
Test Procedure
Inp
Inp ut
ut for
forFF PE
PETo
To ol
ol SSim
im ula
ula tion
tion ss
Input Parameter
Minimum Oxygen Level
21 oC
600 oC
Heat Transfer Factor
Radiant fraction
Max energy loss internal
Sprinkler, NE location
Distance from center of fire (ft)
RTI (ft s)1/2
Activation temperature, oF
Sprinkler, N location
Distance from center of fire (ft)
RTI (ft s)1/2
Activation temperature, oF
10.0
2.0
0.35
0.90
10.6
144
155
11.3
144
155
In
In put
put for
for FPE
FPETo
To ol
ol Sim
Sim ula
ula tion
tion ss
Input Parameter
Room dimensions
Ceiling height (ft)
Length (ft)
Width (ft)
Ceiling Material
Thickness (in)
Thermal conductivity (kW/mK)
Density (kg/m3)
Specific heat (KJ/kg K)
Ceiling Material
Thickness (in)
Thermal conductivity (kW/mK)
Density (kg/m3)
Specific heat (KJ/kg K)
8.0
32.8
32.8
Glass fiber
0.5
0.00037
60
0.8
Gypsum board
0.5
0.00017
960
1.1
Input
Experimental HRR
Location of fire
Enclosure dimensions
Location of sprinkler heads
Properties of sprinkler heads
Smoke
Detector
Activation
Time
Input
Experimental HRR
Location of fire
Enclosure dimensions
Location of smoke detector
FPETool: default activation temperature of 23 oF above initial T
Fire damage
Non-fire damage
500
450
Heat Release, kW
400
350
300
system activation
250
200
detection
150
extinguishment
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
Tim e, seconds
500
500
450
Heat Release, kW
400
350
system activation
300
250
200
detection
150
100
50
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Tim e, seconds
Sprinkler
NE
N
Radial
distance
to fire,
feet
Measured
Activation
Time,
seconds
10.6
11.3
278
352
Predicted
Measured
Activation Ceiling Jet T
Time,
at bulb at
seconds
activation
o
F
249
288
253
276
Predicted
Ceiling Jet T
at bulb at
activation,
o
F
249
250
Fire Damage
Non-Fire Damage
FM-200 System
Conclusions
Conclusions
Acknowledgements