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What is a WIG?
A Wing-in-Ground effect craft (WIG) is a vessel with
wings that cruises just above the water surface, it is
floating on a cushion of relatively high-pressure air
between its wing and the water surface.
Is also known as a WIGE (Wing-in-Ground Effect), or a
Wingship.
It is the ultimate low-drag marine craft.
It is a very high-speed, sea-based platform.
Some WIG vehicles have the ability to fly without ground
effect as well, but inefficiently as compared to aircraft.
Logistics Platform
Falls between being a ship and an aircraft for
delivering cargo for both speed and cost.
Tendency exists to view this as an either/or choice.
Suggest that appropriate design might lead to a RO/RO
family of capabilities that could provide both uses.
A Transformational Question:
Is the military object to clear the minefield, or to quickly get to
the other side of the minefield, and do something to the enemy?
Clear the minefield?
A WIG will travel over the top of a minefield at very high speed,
without damage, and perform its mission on the other side.
A Corollary:
A: You bet!!!
ASCMs:
An Example for Large Ship ASUW
Utka: Armed with six SS-N-22 SUNBURN missiles. Length 242 ft.
NOTE: Due to ship construction techniques used, ONI has
concluded that Utka would be difficult to destroy.
Sea Sniper:
An Example for ASW
http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/ocean/Info/RAMICS/ramics.htm
Non-lethal
Active Denial Technology
HPM system causing intense skin pain for exposed
personnel
http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/factsheets/activedenial.html
Other Examples
Airborne Laser
A Comparison
Australian HSV
Russian KM
Speed - 40 + knots
Range 4000+ nm @ 40kts
Draft 10 7
Length Overall - 370 ft
Beam - 100 feet
Weight - ?
Cargo capacity - 1100 tons
Operate at speed in 15 ft seas
WIG Logistics
Do you want it there fast or do you want it there cheap? This
has always been a concern of manufacturers, merchants and
logisticians. When the shipment is trans-oceanic, mile for mile,
sea travel is the cheapest. Air shipment is faster, but costs five
times more per kilogram of weight. However, WIG technology
can deliver large amounts of cargo with significantly less fuel
consumption (50% more payload with 35% less fuel
consumption than similar-sized aircraft 75% less fuel than
comparable-sized hydrofoil ferries).
Quote from: http://www.geocities.com/equipmentshop/wig.htm
Aircraft
5
4
3
WIG
Ship
1
0
0
100
200
300
Speed, kts
400
500
600
Olds, Bradley L. The Impact of Wingships on Strategic Lift, Thesis for the Naval Post Graduate School,
Monterey, CA, SEP 1993
Losi, Peter C. The Wingships Potential For Strategic Lift, Executive Research Project for The Industrial
College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, Washington, D.C., 1995
The main problem is getting out of the water, since the required power
for take-off is a number of times higher than that required for cruising.
This is due to the high drag in the water just before leaving the water
surface, also called "hump drag.
Ever since the very first experimental WIG craft were built in the
1930s, longitudinal stability has been recognized as a very critical
design factor. When not designed properly WIG craft show a
potentially dangerous pitch up tendency when leaving (strong) ground
effect.
A WIG craft that fulfills all efficiency expectations would be extremely
big, hundreds, maybe thousands of tons. Only at this size the relative
height will be sufficiently small to be more efficient than for example a
747 on a trans-Atlantic route and still be clear of the waves.
Investors for a project to develop a craft this size will not be easy to
find if the technology has not proven itself first.
A Design Challenge
Designing a WIG craft is much more challenging than
designing a ship or an aircraft. Especially in the
preliminary design phase, many problems have to be
addressed at the same time. One cannot isolate wing,
tail and fuselage design, which is common practice
to a certain extent in aircraft design. Rules of thumb
are hardly available and simple analytic calculation
methods for performance and stability of a WIG craft
do not exist.
Costs
Schedule
Reported estimates from beginning of
development to IOC ranged from 10 years
to over 13.5 years (the median figure for
IOC from an acquisition Milestone I
decision).
Risks
Vuja De
We aint never been here before
Finding a U.S. builder willing to take this on
At least one appears to be ready to address WIG technology
Propulsion
Large engine technology
Differing power requirements for takeoff/cruise
Saltwater environment
Program sponsorship
No natural sponsor
Falls in the cracks between the Air Force and the Navy
Falls in the cracks between NAVSEA and NAVAIR
Materials
Lightweight, corrosion resistant
NB-36H
Between 1946 and 1961, the Air Force and the Atomic Energy Commission spent more than $7 billion
trying to develop a nuclear-powered aircraft. Although no airplane ever flew under nuclear power, the
Air Force converted this B-36 bomber, known as the Nuclear Test Aircraft, to carry an operating threemegawatt air-cooled reactor to assess operational problems (it made 47 flights over Texas and New
Mexico between July 1955 and March 1957).
The technicians and scientists did their best to succeed with the ANP program, and they did make a great
deal of technological progress. However, without guidance their efforts were too spread out. The blame
for the failure of the ANP program cannot rest with the technology, it belongs to the politicians and the
military. While technical objectives were generally met by the contractors, there were apparently no firm
military requirements set by the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
Are We Afraid of a Little Fire? by Dr. Stephen D. Howe, Science Fact article in the JUL/AUG 2002 issue of Analog magazine, pg 60-61
250
200
150
Min Wing Chord
100
50
0
1
5
Sea State
100
90
80
70
North Atlantic (cumulative)
North Pacific
50
40
50
>8
Sea State
45
40
Significant Wave Height, ft
Probability
North Atlantic
60
35
30
Min
25
Max
20
15
10
5
0
0-1
5
Sea State
>8
Shared Development
The Russians have more experience
working with this technology than any other
group.
Teamed with Aerocon for ARPA effort
Current efforts with others
WIGs:
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Conclusions &
Recommendations
WIGs are not new, but the
technology hasnt been
fully explored.
It offers significant
advantages to the Navy that
can master it.
It is truly transformational.
Russian Orlyonok A90.125 Length 190 ft