Terminologies of

HVAC

Air Conditioning

- Air conditioning is defined as the simultaneous control of air

temperature, humidity, motion and purity of air in a confined space.

Air Conditioner

- A device provides air conditioning.

Heat

- A form of energy that is transformed by temperature difference.

Enthalpy

- The quantity of heat in BTU/ min. in a fluid or gas.

Condenser

- A heat-exchange device in a refrigeration system; it consists of a

vessel or arrangement of pipes or tubing in which refrigerant vapor
is liquefied by the removal of heat.

Compressor

- A machine for drawing refrigerant from the evaporator at a relatively

low pressure, compresses it and then discharges it to the
condenser.

Evaporator

- That part of the refrigeration system in which refrigerant is

vaporized, thereby taking up external heat and producing cooling.

Convection

- Heat transmission, either natural or forced, by currents resulting from

difference in density due to temperature difference in the heated
space.

Humidity

- Water vapor within a confined space or environment.

Relative Humidity

- The ration of the weight of water vapor actually in humid air to the
maximum possible weight of water vapor that the air could contain
at the same temperature

Humidity Ratio

- Weight of water vapor in a mixture per pound of dry air.

Humidistat, Hygrostat

- A device actuated by changes in humidity

Thermostat

- Device which responds to changes in temperature, directly or

indirectly.

Adiabatic Saturation
- The introduction of water into an un saturated air to increase
humidity ratio but w/o transfer of heat to or from outside source.

Dew Point
- the temperature at which air-water vapor mixture will become saturated and
begins to yield drops of condensed water.
Latent Heat

The amount of heat which is absorbed or evolved in changing the state of the
substance w/o changing its temperature
Latent Heat of Fusion
- One where change is from liquid to solid state.
Latent Heat of Vaporization
- One where change is from liquid to gas.

Sensible Heat
- Heat in BTU absorbed by a substance in changing its temperature without changing its
state.

Wet Bulb Temperature

- Temperature of air-water vapor mixture as measured in the normal way with o F
thermometer

Desiccant
- An absorber which could be liquid or solid that can remove water vapor from a
material.

Damper

- A device used to vary the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.

Duct, Air Conditioning Duct, Air Duct

- A passageway usually fabricated of metal, fiberglass, concrete or cement and

asbestos fibers; used to transfer air from one location to other

Refrigerant

- Substance which produces refrigerating effect by absorbing heat while

expanding or evaporating.

Condensing Unit

- Specific refrigerating machine combination for a given refrigerant.

Air Conditioning Machinery

- Equipment including any or all of the following: compressor, condenser,

generator, evaporator, absorber, receiver, connection pipe, air handling
units, dehumidifier and heat exchanger.

Unit Air Conditioner

- A type of system used for small installation such as residences and small
offices.

Split Type Air Conditioner

-

Composed of two separate sections, one installed inside the room while
the other is mounted outside the building.

Centralized Type Air Conditioning System

- A type of air conditioning system used for large installation with the use of
ducts.

Cooling Tower
- A structure, usually on the roof of the building over which water is
circulated so as to cool it evaporative in contact with air.

AFUE (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency)

- The ratio of annual fuel output energy to annual input
energy.

COP (Coefficient of Performance)

- The ratio of the rate of heat removal/delivered to the rate of
energy input.

EER (Energy Efficiency Ratio)

- The ratio of net equipment cooling capacity in BTU/ hr. to
the total rate of electric input in watts.

IPLV (Integrated Part Load Value)

- Single number figure of merit based on part-loaded EER or
COP

SEER (Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)

- The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its
normal annual usage, in BTU/ hr, divided by the total
energy input during the same period, in watt-hours.

Codes of Heat Transmission

The following are considered essential for human comfort

Temperature of the surrounding air

Temperature of the surrounding surfaces
Relative humidity of air
Motion of air
Odors
Dust

Air conditioning Standard

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

Heating and dehumidifying

Cooling and dehumidifying
Air motion
Air supply

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Standards

The temperature and humidity of air to be used for comfortable cooling shall be
maintained at 68-74o F , effective temperature at an air movement from 4.57-7.60
MPM within the living zone.

Summer, Air Conditioning, Cooling and Dehumidifying

Design Consideration

Passing air through sprays of cold water

Passing air through a combination of cold water sprays and cooling coils
Passing air through refrigerating coil

Type, usage and hours of occupancy of building or structure.

Number of occupants and type of activity
Area and Volume of materials in conditioned space
Building orientation
Types of shades and glass exterior cladding
Ventilation requirements
Amount and type of artificial lightning and hours of use

Heat Gain Building

Heat transmitted through walls, roofs, floors, partitions, ceilings and glass, absorbed
by them and conducted through the interior
Heat from solar radiation striking upon the exterior surfaces of walls and glass,
absorbed by them and conducted through the interior
Heat carried in by infiltrating or ventilating outside air
Heat given off by occupants
Heat given off by lights, cooking devices, motors, fans and industrial processes
within the conditioned space.

 Cooling

Load Calculation Factors

Internal loads
Thermal transmission laod
Infiltration and ventilation load
Solar load