Binary-to-BCD Converter

Discussion D4.5

Shift and Add-3 Algorithm

S1. Shift the binary number left one bit.
22. If 8 shifts have taken place, the BCD number is in the
Hundreds, Tens, and Units column.
33. If the binary value in any of the BCD columns is 5 or greater,
add 3 to that value in that BCD column.
44. Go to 1.

Operation
HEX
Start

Hundreds

Tens

Units

Binary

F
1 1 1 1

F
1 1 1 1

Steps to convert an 8-bit binary number to BCD

Operation
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
Add 3
Shift 7
Add 3
Shift 8
BCD

Hundreds

1
1
1 0
2

Tens

1
0
0
0

1
1 1
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
5

Units

1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0

1
1 1
0 1
1 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 1
0 1
1 0
5

Binary

1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

F
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

F
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1

Example of converting hex E to BCD

Operation
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Shift 4
6
Add 6
BCD

Tens

Units

1
1

1
1 1
1 1 1
0 1 1
0 1 0
4

Binary

1
1
1
0
0
0

E
1 1 1 0
1 1 0
1 0
0

Truth table for Add-3 Module

A3 A2 A1 A0

C
S3 S2 S1 S0

A3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

A2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

A1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

A0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

S3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
X

S2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
X
X
X
X
X
X

S1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X

S0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X

K-Map for S3
A1 A0
A3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

A2
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1

A1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

A0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

S3
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
X
X
X
X
X
X

S2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
X
X
X
X
X
X

S1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X

S0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
X
X
X
X
X
X

A3 A2

00

01

11

10

00
01
11

10

S3 = A3
+ A2 * A0
+ A2 * A1

8-bit binary input

0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0

Binary-to-BCD
Converter

C1

C2

C3

C6

C4

C7

C5

P9 P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0
hunds

tens

BCD output

units

Hex FF
8-bit binary input
0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
1

Binary-to-BCD
Converter

C1
1

C2

RTL Solution

C3

0
1

C6
1

C4
0

C7
1

C5
1

P9 P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0
hunds

tens

units

BCD output

Steps to convert a 6-bit binary number to BCD

Operation

1. Clear all bits of z to zero

2. Shift B left 3 bits
z[8:3] = B[5:0];
3. Do 3 times
if Units >4 then add 3 to Units
(note: Units = z[9:6])
Shift z left 1 bit
4. Tens = P[6:4] = z[12:10]
Units = P[3:0] = z[9:6]

B
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
BCD
P
z

Tens

Units

Binary
5 4 3 2 1 0
3

1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1

1 0 0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0 0 1

1 1 0

0 0 1 1

13

10 9

0
6 5

Operation

binbcd6.vhd

-- Title: Binary-to-BCD Converter

library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all;

B
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
BCD
P
z

entity binbcd6 is
port (
B: in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (5 downto 0);
P: out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (6 downto 0)
);
end binbcd6;
architecture binbcd6_arch of binbcd6 is
begin
bcd1: process(B)
variable z: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (12 downto 0);

Tens

Units

Binary
5 4 3 2 1 0
3

1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1

1 0 0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0 0 1

1 1 0

0 0 1 1

13

10 9

0
6 5

Operation

binbcd6.vhd (cont.)
begin
for i in 0 to 12 loop
z(i) := '0';
end loop;
z(8 downto 3) := B;

B
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
BCD
P
z

Tens

Binary
5 4 3 2 1 0
3

1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1

1 0 0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0 0 1

1 1 0

0 0 1 1

13

10 9

for i in 0 to 2 loop
if z(9 downto 6) > 4 then
z(9 downto 6) := z(9 downto 6) + 3;
end if;
z(12 downto 1) := z(11 downto 0);
end loop;
P <= z(12 downto 6);
end process bcd1;
end binbcd6_arch;

Units

0
6 5

binbcd6.vhd
Operation
B
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
BCD
P
z

Tens

Units

Binary
5 4 3 2 1 0
3

1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1 1

1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 0 1 0

1 1 1

0 1 0 1

1 1

1 0 0 0

1 1

1 1

0 0 0 1

1 1 0

0 0 1 1

13

10 9

0
6 5

8-Bit Binary-to-BCD Converter

binbcd8.vhd

-- Title: Binary-to-BCD Converter

library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all;

entity binbcd is
port (
B: in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);
P: out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (9 downto 0)
);
end binbcd;

architecture binbcd_arch of binbcd is

begin
Operation
B
bcd1: process(B)
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
Add 3
Shift 7
Add 3
Shift 8
BCD
P
z

binbcd8.vhd (cont.)
Hundreds

Tens

Units

variable z: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (17 downto 0);

begin
for i in 0 to 17 loop
z(i) := '0';
end loop;
z(10 downto 3) := B;

Binary
4
3

1
1
1 0
2
9 8
17 16

1
0
0
0
7
15

1
0
0
0
1

1
1
0
1
1
0
5

1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0

4
12

3
11

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
5

1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
8

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

F
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

for i in 0 to 4 loop
if z(11 downto 8) > 4 then
z(11 downto 8) := z(11 downto 8) + 3;
end if;
if z(15 downto 12) > 4 then
z(15 downto 12) := z(15 downto 12) + 3;
end if;
z(17 downto 1) := z(16 downto 0);
end loop;
P <= z(17 downto 8);
end process bcd1;
end binbcd_arch;

F
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1

Hex FF
8-bit binary input

binbcd8.vhd

0 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0
1

Operation
B
HEX
Start
Shift 1
Shift 2
Shift 3
Add 3
Shift 4
Add 3
Shift 5
Shift 6
Add 3
Shift 7
Add 3
Shift 8
BCD
P
z

Hundreds

Tens

Units

Binary
4
3

1
1
1 0
2
9 8
17 16

1
0
0
0
7
15

1
1 1
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
5

1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0

4
12

3
11

1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1

1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
5

1
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
8

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

F
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

F
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1
1

C1
1

C2
1

C3

0
1

C6
1

C4
0

C7
1

C5
1

P9 P8 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P0

hunds

tens

units

BCD output

16-bit binary input

0

B15 B14 B13 B12 B11B10 B9 B8

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1 B0

C1

16-bit
Binary-to-BCD
Converter

C2

C3

C14

C4

C15

C5

C16

C24

C6

C17

C25

C18

C26

C31

C7

C19

C27

C32

C8

C20

C28

C33

C9

C21

C29

C34

thousands

C11

C22

C30

P19 P18 P17 P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9

ten thousands

C10

C12

C23

P8

hundreds

BCD output

P7

C13

P6

P5

tens

P4

P3

P2

P1 P0

units

16-bit binary input

0

B15 B14 B13 B12 B11B10 B9 B8

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1 B0

C1

binbcd16.vhd

C2

C3

C14

C4

C15

-- Title: Binary-to-BCD Converter

library IEEE;
use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all;
use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all;

C5

C16

C24

C6

C17

C25

C31

C7

C18

C26

entity binbcd16 is
port (
B: in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (15 downto 0);
P: out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (18 downto 0)
);
end binbcd16;

B7

C19

C27

C32

C8

C20

C28

C33

C9

C21

C29

C34

C10

C22

C30

P19 P18 P17 P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9 P8

ten thousands

architecture binbcd16_arch of binbcd16 is

begin
bcd1: process(B)
variable z: STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (34 downto 0);

thousands

C11

hundreds

BCD output

C12

C23

P7

C13

P6

P5

tens

P4

P3

P2

P1 P0

units

16-bit binary input

begin
for i in 0 to 34 loop
z(i) := '0';
end loop;
z(18 downto 3) := B;

B15 B14 B13 B12 B11B10 B9 B8

binbcd16.vhd (cont.)

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1 B0

C1

C2

C3

C14

C4

C15

C16

for i in 0 to 12 loop
if z(19 downto 16) > 4 then
z(19 downto 16) := z(19 downto 16) + 3;
end if;
if z(23 downto 20) > 4 then
z(23 downto 20) := z(23 downto 20) + 3;
end if;
if z(27 downto 24) > 4 then
z(27 downto 24) := z(27 downto 24) + 3;
end if;
if z(31 downto 28) > 4 then
z(31 downto 28) := z(31 downto 28) + 3;
end if;
z(34 downto 1) := z(33 downto 0);
end loop;
P <= z(34 downto 16);
end process bcd1;
end binbcd16_arch;

C5

C24

C6

C17

C25

C18

C26

C31

C7

C19

C27

C32

C8

C20

C28

C33

C9

C21

C29

C34

thousands

C11

C22

C30

P19 P18 P17 P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9

ten thousands

C10

C12

C23

P8

hundreds

BCD output

P7

C13

P6

P5

tens

P4

P3

P2

P1 P0

units

16-bit binary input

0

B15 B14 B13 B12 B11B10 B9 B8

B7

B6

B5

B4

B3

B2

B1 B0

C1

binbcd16.vhd

C2

C3

C14

C4

C15

C5

C16

C24

C6

C17

C25

C18

C26

C31

C7

C19

C27

C32

C8

C20

C28

C33

C9

C21

C29

C34

thousands

C11

C22

C30

P19 P18 P17 P16 P15 P14 P13 P12 P11 P10 P9

ten thousands

C10

C12

C23

P8

hundreds

BCD output

P7

C13

P6

P5

tens

P4

P3

P2

P1 P0

units