Data Flow Diagrams

(DFDs)
4 tahapan DFD
“Current “Current
1 System” analyze Physical” DFD

“Current
“Current
2 Physical” DFD logically
Logical” DFD

“Current design New “Current

3 Logical” DFD Logical” DFD

New “Current
New “Current implemented
4 Logical” DFD
Physical” DFD
4 elemen diagram
 Process : “sesuatu” yg terjadi di sistem (berbicara
dg teman tentang pesta)
 Data flows : data yg berpindah ketika “sesuatu” terj
adi (informasi pesta)
 Data stores : data tersimpan yg dilibatkan ketika “s
esuatu” terjadi (buku alamat, index kartu, file komput
er)
 External entities : segala sesuatu diluar sistem yg t
erlibat ketika “sesuatu” terjadi (teman, pelanggan, s
upplier)
Process: Datastores:
 Gambaran kejadian aktu
 Menunjukan data dlm sistem
al dg keputusan yg ada
 Diberi no., pelaku/tempat  Penjelasan & no.kode M=manual

dicantumkan, & jelaskan 1 Sales Floor

files & D=computer data
Product/service info
kejadian prosesnya dg kt
kerja perintah (telephonProduct/service info
Speak with
M1 Product catalogue

e,calculate) prospective client

*
 Proses dapat dibagi men External entities:
Product/service info
A prospective
jadi sub-prosesclient
　 (level).  Orang/tempat diluar s
*=akhir proses 2 Telesales
 No. proses <= 7, tinjau
istem, yg dilayani ata
lg Telephone no.

bila tidak.
Product/service info
u Telephone
yg menyediakan
M2 Telephone directory
 Direferensikan menur
prospective client
*
ut abjad
M1 Product catalogue
Data flows: 3 Mailouts
Product/service info
 Aliran data dari/ke proses
Product/service info
Mail prospective
 Diberi nama tanpa kt kerja client Address
*
 Panah menunjukan arah aliran M3 Prospective clients list

 Data tdk dpt merubah, peruba

han terjadi di proses
Document flow diagram
Production
Supplier
Planning
Delivery
note
Production Purchase
plan order

Supplier details update form

Stock Control Delivery note

Purchasing
Material requirement list

Stock
withdrawal
note

Factory
Context diagram
Production
Supplier
Planning

Production Delivery
plan note

Supplier details update form

Stock Control Delivery note

Purchasing
Material requirement list

Stock
withdrawal
note

Factory
Level 0 Physical DFD
a b
Production
Supplier
Planning

Production Delivery
plan note

Stock Control
Supplier details update form
c
Maintain stock Delivery note
system Purchasing
Material requirement list

Stock
withdrawal
note

d
Factory
Level 0 Physical DFD-modified
layout
a
Production
Planning

Production
b plan

Supplier
Delivery
note

Stock Control

c Stock
Maintain stock
withdrawal
Factory note system

Delivery
Supplier
note
details
update form
Material
requirement list
d
Purchasing
Process leveling
Level 0 Level 1 Level 2

Prepare material
3
requirement list

3.1 Stock clerk

1 Stock clerk
Calculate order
quantity
Maintain planned *
call-off
*
3.2 Stock clerk

2 Stock clerk Note supplier details

Stock Control
*
Maintain stock Maintain stock card
system
*
3.3 Stock clerk

Amend order quantity

3 Stock clerk *

Prepare material
requirements list
3.4 Stock clerk

Add requirements to
list
*
Level 1 Physical DFD
1 Stock clerk
a M1 Bill of materials
BOM
Production Production
details
plan Maintain planned
Planning
call-off
*
Plan call-off
b details

Supplier M2 Stock cards

Delivery
note 2 Stock clerk
Stock
c details
Stock
Factory Maintain stock card
withdrawal
note *
Supplier Stock
details Delivery details
update form note

d 3 Stock clerk
Purchasing Material
requirement list Prepare material
requirements list
Level 2 Physical DFD
Prepare material
3
requirement list

3.1 Stock clerk

Stock
details
M2 Stock cards
Calculate order
quantity
*
Theoretical order quantity

3.2 Stock clerk

Note supplier details

*
Order quantity & supplier details

3.3 Stock clerk

Amend order quantity

*
Actual order quantity

3.4 Stock clerk

d
Material
Purchasing requirement list Add requirements to
list
*
Menentukan Proses
 Tujuan :
 menjelaskan proses yg terjadi pada level tera
khir DFD
 Menuliskan keputusan yg dibuat atau operasi
yg berulang secara akurat, jelas, dan lengka
p.
Contoh
1. A product is passed as fit for sale if it passes a
mechanical test and an electrical test and has the
correct dimensions. If it fails the mechanical test or
the electrical test (but not both), it is sent back to
the workshop for repair. In all other cases, the
product is rejected.
2. A product is passed as fit for sale if it passes a
mechanical test and an electrical test and has the
correct dimensions. If it has the correct dimensions
and fails the mechanical test or the electrical test
(but not both), it is sent back to the workshop for
repair. In all other cases, the product is rejected.
 Sequence (urutan)
adalah list dari beberapa tindakan atau kejadian yang dilakukan
atas dasar perintah. Diwakilkan dg pernyataan perintah
Contoh : multiply(kalikan), add(tambahkan), or calculate(hitung)
 Selection (pilihan/keputusan)
bila ada beberapa pilihan kebijakan yg dapat digunakan tapi han
ya ada satu yg bisa dipilih.
Contoh : IF, ELSE, ENDIF
 Iteration
muncul ketika beberapa kejadian berulang menentukan kondisi y
ang berkelanjutan pengulangannya
Contoh : REPEAT….UNTIL, WHILE….ENDWHILE
 Variations
Contoh (deskripsi QC policy) :
1. If a product does not have the correct dimensions, rej
ect the product
2. If a product does have the correct dimensions, consid
er the mechanical and electrical test as follows
2.1 both test satisfactory-pass product
2.2 both mechanical and electrical test unsatisfactory-
reject product
2.3 either mechanical or electrical tests unsatisfactory
(but not both)-repair product.
Decision tables

Condition stub Condition entry

Action stub Action entry

Decision table (Limited entry)
Contoh :
 Identify conditions
correct dimension?
passed mechanical test?
passed electrical test?
 Identify action
accept product
repair product
reject product
 Determine number of rules 2 (pangkat) N
N = number of condition = 8
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y Y N N N N

Passed mech. test ? Y Y N N Y Y N N

Passed elect. test ? Y N Y N Y N Y N

Accept product X

Repair product X X

Reject product X X X X X
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y Y N

Passed mech. test ? Y Y N N -

Passed elect. test ? Y N Y N -

Accept product X

Repair product X X

Reject product X X
Decision table
Correct dimensions ? Y Y Y E
Passed mech. test ? Y Y N L
Passed elect. test ? Y N Y S

E
Accept product X
Repair product X X
Reject product X
 Decision table (Extended entry)
Mark 0-34? Y N N N N N
Mark 35-39? - Y N N N N
Mark 40-49? - - Y N N N
Mark 50-59? - - - Y N N
Mark 60-69? - - - - Y N
Mark>69? - - - - - Y
Grade F X
Grade E X
Grade D X
Grade C X
Grade B X
Grade A X
Decision table (Extended entry)

Mark 0-34 35-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 >69

Grade F E D C B A
Decision table (Mixed entry)
Regular customer? Y Y Y N N N

Order value $ 0-99 100-500 >500 0-99 100-500 >500

Discount given 0 15% 20% 0 10% 15%

Free gift X X