INFINITIVE AND ING FORM,

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

A. A. ISTRI YUDHI PRAMAWATI, S.S.,
M.Hum.

Please analyze these

sentences
To drive a car is easy
Driving a car is easy

Which one is invinitive???????? Ing

form?????

DEFINITION OF INFINITIVE
The base form of verb which follows to. For
example: We have to drink eight glasses of
mineral water everyday.
It can also occur without to, we called it as
bare infinitive. For example: She helps me
open the door.
It depends on the finite verb comes before
the infinitive.
EXERCISE

DEFINITION OF INFINITIVE

Choose the correct form (infinitive with or withoutto).

I can .English. speak
We have our homework. do
You mus tat home. go
I will.you follow
He cannotus. blame
My little sister learns. walk
They wantto the cinema. go
You shouldyour parents. listen
I'd likea dog. have
May wein? go

THE FUNCTION OF
INFINITIVE
As noun and verb, for example: I like to finish the
work quickly.
As adjective, for example: It was a game to watch.
As adverb, for example: Her voice is pleasant to
hear.
EXERCISE: PLEASE MAKE SOME SENTENCES WHICH
USE INFINITIVE AS NOUN AND VERB, AS ADJECTIVE
OR ADVERB.

THE -ING FORM

GERUND : is a verb form used as a noun. It is a verbal
noun that expresses generalized or uncompleted
action. For example: I think of retiring soon.
PARTICIPLE: is a verb form used as an adjective. For
example: She was killed by a fallingtile.
Exercise
Exercise
Exercise: can you make other examples of gerund and
participle?

ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS

Ingrammar, anadjectiveis a 'describing' word; which
is toqualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more
information about the object signified.
For example: a fast car, a beautiful house, a smart boy.
Anadverbis awordthat changes the meaning
ofverbs. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjective, or other
adverbs.
For example:
She walked slowly.
The kids are playing upstairs.
You are quite right.
She spoke quite loudly.

FORM OF ADJECTIVES
Attributiveadjectives are part of theNOUN PHRASEheaded
by the noun they modify; for example,happyis an
attributive adjective in "happy people".
Predicativeadjectives , For example,happyis a predicate
adjective in "they are happy" and in "that made me happy."
Absoluteadjectives , for example,happyis an absolute
adjective in "The boy, happy with his lollipop, did not look
where he was going."
Nominaladjectives act almost as nouns. "I read two books
to them; he preferred the sad book, but she preferred the
happy
EXERCISE.

ADJECTIVE ORDER
In general, the adjective order in English is:
quantity or number (one, two, many, some, a few, a
little)
quality or opinion (smart, clean, dirty, easy, expensive)
Size (small, large, wide, big)
Age (old, new )
Shape (round, triangle, flat)
Color (red, yellow, purple)
PROPER adjective;often nationality, other place of
origin, or material. ( japanese, wooden, golden)
purpose or qualifier (whitening, lightening)

KINDS OF ADVERBS
ADVERBS OF MANNER: slowly, beautifuly, fast
ADVERBS OF PLACE; upstair, downstair, above,
bellow
ADVERBS OF DEGREE: Almost, nearly, quite, just,
too, enough, hardly, scarcely, completely, very,
extremely.
ADVERBS OF TIME; today, next week, last year,
tommorrow
ADVERBS OF CERTAINTY; surely, frankly,
Exercise: please make sentences using those
adverbs.

NOUNS
Anounis a word used to name a person, animal,
place, thing, and abstract idea.
Semua kata-kata yang dicetak tebal berikut
adalah noun:
1. Late lastyearourneighboursbought agoat.
2. Portia Whitewas anopera singer.
3. Bus inspectorlooked at all thepassengers'
passes.
4. According toPlutarch,
thelibraryatAlexandriawas destroyed in 48
B.C.
5. Philosophyis of littlecomfortto
thestarving.

PLURAL NOUN
(tunggal dan jamak)

SINGULAR AND

Terdapat dua cara untuk membentuk noun jamak: dengan

penambahan s dibelakang noun itu sendiri, dan ada juga
beberapa noun yang tidak dapat ditambahkan s untuk
membentuk plural form.
The harbour at Marble Mountain has onewharf.
There are severalwharvesin Halifax Harbour.
Warsaw is their favouritecitybecause it reminds them of their
courtship.
The vacation my grandparents won includes trips to twelve
Europeancities.
The children circled around the headmaster and shouted, "Are
you amouseor a man?
The audience was shocked when all five men admitted that
they were afraid ofmice.

TYPES OF NOUN
PROPER AND COMMON NOUN
CONCRETE AND ABSTRACT
NOUN
COUNTABLE AND
UNCOUNTABLE NOUN

PROPER NOUN
The names of days of the week, months,
historical documents, institutions,
organisations, religions, their holy texts and
their adherents are proper nouns. A proper
noun is the opposite of a common noun
KATA DICETAK TEBAL BERIKUT ADALAH
PROPER NOUN:
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia.
Many people dreadMondaymornings.
Borobudur Statue is located in Jogjakarta.

COMMON NOUNS
COMMON noun adalah noun yang mengacu
ke orang, tempat dan benda secara
general. Berikut adalah contoh common
noun:
According to thesign, the nearesttownis
60milesaway.
All thegardensin
theneighbourhoodwere invaded
bybeetlesthissummer.
Many child-careworkersare underpaid.

CONCRETE NOUN
Aconcrete nounis a noun which
names anything (or anyone) that you
can perceive through your physical
senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or
smell.
Mother waters the flowers everyday.
The sun shines very bright today.
I am going to see the dentist.

ABSTRACT NOUN
Anabstract nounis a noun which
names anything which you
cannotperceive through your five
physical senses, and is the opposite
of a concrete noun.
CAN YOU GIVE THE EXAMPLE OF
CONCRETE NOUN???

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

NOUNS
COUNTABLE noun adalah noun yang dapat
dihitung, sedangkan uncountable noun
adalah noun yang tidak dapat dihitung.
Contoh:
Oxygenis essential to human life.
Mr. Andrew loves to add sugar to his milk.
We painted the chairs and the tables
blue.
They forgot to turn off the computers.

PREPOSITION
Prepositions are prepositional words
such as in, on, with, by, over, under
For example:
The book is on the table.
They arrived after me.
EXERCISE: PLEASE MAKE SENTENCES
USING PREPOSITION !!