Ethics

Parable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30)

It will be as when a man who was going on a journey called in his servants
and entrusted his possessions to them. To one he gave five talents, to
another , two; to a third, one --- to each according to his ability. Then he
went away. Immediately the one who received five talents went and traded
with them, and made another five. Likewise, the one who received two
made another two. But the man who received one went off and dug a hole
in the ground and buried his masters money. After a long time the master
of those servants came back and settled accounts with them. The one who
had received five talents came forward bringing the additional five. He
said, Master, you gave me five talents. See, I have made five more. His
master said to him, Well done, y good and faithful servant. Since you were
faithful in small matters, I will give you great responsibilities. Come, share
your masters joy.

Ethics
Parable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30)
Then the one who had received two talents also came forward and said,
Master , you gave me two talents. See, I have made two more. His
master said to him, Well done, my good and faithful servant. Since you
were faithful in small matters, I will give you great responsibilities. Come,
share your master joy. Then the one who had received the one talent came
forward and said, Master, I knew you were a demanding person, harvesting
where you did not plant and gathering where you did not scatter; so out of
fear I went off and buried your talent in the ground. Here it is back. His
master said to him in reply, You wicked, lazy servant! So you knew that I
harvest where I did not plant and gather where I did not scatter? Should
you not then have put my money in the bank so that I could have got it back
with interest on my return?

Ethics
Parable of the Talents ( Mt. 25:14-30)
Now then! Take the talent from him and give it to the one with ten. For to
everyone who has, more will be given and he will grow rich; but from the
one who has not, even what he has will be taken away. And throw this
useless servant into the darkness outside, where there will be wailing and
grinding of teeth.

Ethics

Part of Philosophy

Concerned with: How to go about life. / What it meant to live well

personal and

in world and to be just or fair in ones

professional life.

A science of morality of human acts

Science - a systematic body of knowledge meant to guide men in the
pursuit of good and happy life
Morality - quality of goodness and badness of human acts
- foundation of every human society
- indispensable knowledge

Ethics

Money never sleeps.

making money and making a lot of money

greed wider gap between the poor and the rich

Greed, for lack of a better word, is good. Greed is right because it works. Greed clarifies
and captures the essence of the evolutionary spirit. Greed will not only save our paper
economy, but will also save another malfunctioning corporation called USA.

It seems that economic- welfare is everybodys priority in life.

1. When money talks, people listen.
2. desire of the contemporary man material things / plagued with wants
3. Everyones personal worth = what you have and not what you are
4. good and beautiful + fantasy of abundance, elegance, popularity and opulence

Ethics

Kinds
1. General Ethics - pertains to the nature of the human acts and their
relation to morality
2. Special Ethics - pertains to the application of general principles of
morality to the particular actions of man as an
individual and as member of the society.

Ethics serves as guidepost in our private and professional life.

Professional Ethics

by Panizo Ethics or Moral Philosophy

Necessary conditions for the preservation , progress and welfare of

society

Provide a higher quality of service, more freedom and greater leisure for
the members of the community - the common good

Code of Ethics
1. define professional privileges, behaviors and responsibilities towards
the members of the same profession and towards the members of the
community in general.
2. promote professional quality
3. defend private professions from undue interference by the government or
by other private agencies,

Professional Ethics

by Panizo Ethics or Moral Philosophy

Code of Ethics
4. preserve the dignity of the profession and the confidence of the public.
5. defend clients from unscrupulous professionals.
6. fix certain standards of compensation for services or work.

Morality and Professions

1. General Ethics as a foundation for professional Honesty and Integrity.
2. Lack of moral standards results in immoral practices

Professional Ethics

by Panizo Ethics or Moral Philosophy

Three-fold purpose of professional fees

1. provide a reasonable income for professionals and their families
2. attract the right persons to the profession
3. gain advancement to the knowledge and skill

Determining the professional fees:

1. some are more or less standardized
2. custom or by a superior authority

3.

some are adjusted to the professional name of the firm or to the condition
of the client

4.

Others are established on a percentage basis, on required manual work,

time, skill risk, etc.

Professional Ethics

by Panizo Ethics or Moral Philosophy

For Engineers, Architects and Contractors

1. It concentrates on services to the clients and ethical relations among
practitioners
2. Justice and fairness in stipulated contracts or bids, stated salaries and
charges for services, competition with other firms and different professional
dealings with clients, manufacturers, companies supplying construction
materials, etc.
3. They should never work on a project which they know to be
disadvantageous to the client.
4. They should be generous in criticizing others projects and continuously
promote incentives, executive ability, honesty, and cooperation among
themselves.

Morality

Morality - Its imperatives:

a. Existence of God

b. Existence of freedom
c. After life
- Its Sources:

a. The act itself

b. The end/ intention
c. The circumstances

Christian
The
Nature of Moral
Theology
Moral
Life
Definition
1. Richard M. Gula S.S
- a systematic theology which focuses on the implications of faith for the way we live
- concerned with Gods revelation of divine love in Jesus and through the Spirit as an
invitation calling for our response
- regards the response to the initiative of Gods offer of love as the very soul of moral
life
2. Servais Pinckaers, O.P.
- a branch of theology that studies the human acts
- so as to direct them to a loving vision of God,
- seen as our true, complete happiness and final end
- attained by means of grace, virtues and the gifts
- in the light of revelation and reason

Christian
Life
Moral
focuses on the person
performing the action than in the action the person performs
is a morality of Christian Discipleship
The GOOD is the foundation and the goal of all moral striving. (Aristotle, Hedonists,
Utilitarians)
God who is good is the only center of value, the fixed point of reference for Christian morality.

With faith informing reason on the nature of the good, the believer sees
1. God as the fullness of being, and
2. Gods actions as good because they flow from the divine nature
which is LOVE.
The Christian is moral because God is good.
Morality is our responsibility, not to anyone nor to the demands of our rationality,
but to God.

Christian
Things
for reflections:
Moral
Life
1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate
development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious
or
not.
2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden;
rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong.
3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things.

Reasons for being moral:

1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment.
2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest.
3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious,
worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human
persons are worthy of our love.

Christian
Things
for reflections:
Moral
Life
1. Morality has to do with who and what we are as human beings and with our legitimate
development as persons. It applies to all human person, whether they are religious
or
not.
2. Authority does not create morality. Things are not wrong because they are forbidden;
rather, things are forbidden because they are wrong.
3. Immoral and illegal are not the same things.

Reasons for being moral:

1. Acting morally just to avoid punishment.
2. Acting morally simply out of enlightened self-interest.
3. Acting morally because of the inner conviction that human persons are unique, precious,
worthwhile, that there is great intrinsic value in the human person, that human
persons are worthy of our love.

Morality
Act itself - Human acts are classified into good, evil, or
indifferent by their nature, independent of any command,
regulations, or law

End / Intention

Sources of
Morality
Circumstances

1.

An evil act which is done on account of an evil

motive is grievously wrong.

2.

A good action done on account of evil motive

becomes evil itself.

3.

A good action done on account of a good purpose

acquires an additional merit.

4.

An indifferent act may either become good or bad

depending on the motive.

1.

Circumstances may either increase or

decrease the wrongfulness of an evil act.

2.

Circumstances also may either increase or decrease

the merits of a good act.

3.

Some circumstances may alter the nature of an act.

Human Acts

Human acts - done with full knowledge and deliberation

-

Its modifiers:

a. Ignorance
b. Passion
c. Fear
d.

Violence
e. Habit

Human Acts
a. Ignorance
- Invincible ignorance destroys the voluntariness of an act.
- Vincible ignorance does not destroy the voluntariness of an act, but it
diminishes it, as long as the ignorance is not affected.
- Affected ignorance does not have the effect of diminishing guilt.
(There is full consent to the sinful effects which result from such
ignorance. No real effort and no intention to avoid them).

Human Acts
b.

Passions
- Antecedent passions ( those that precede an act) always lessens
voluntariness and sometimes preclude it completely.
Note: Even though imputability is lessened, a grave sin may nevertheless
be committed.

- Consequent passions ( freely accepted and deliberately roused; are

direct results of the will which fully consents to them instead of
subordinating them to its control) do not give rise to lessened
voluntariness, but may even increase imputability.

Human Acts
c.

Passions
- Acts done with fear are voluntary./ acting inspite of ones fear and in
full control of oneself
- Acts done out of fear, however great, is simply voluntary, although it
is also conditionally voluntary.
- Acts done because of intense fear or panic are involuntary.

Human Acts
d.

Violence
-

External actions performed by a person subjected to violence to

which reasonable resistance has been offered are involuntary and
not accountable.
Note: Active resistance should always be offered.

If resistance is impossible a person can always offer intrinsic

resistance by withholding consent, enough to save his moral
integrity.

Human Acts
e.

Habit
-

Actions done by force of habit are voluntary in cause ( result of

previously willed acts done repeatedly), unless a reasonable effort
is made to counteract the habitual inclination.

Refer to values and virtues

MORAL
CHARACTER
Conditioning Factors:
Evaluative Knowledge
Freedom ( not only to choose
from particular responses or
actions, but also to choose
who and what we will become
as persons)

Our moral choices

shape and form our
moral character.
Our moral character
gives rise to and
conditions our moral
choices.

Ways of describing Good

Moral Character
Being Fully Human
( to be good in the fullest sense)
Being a Loving Person
(to love oneself, others and God)
Being a Virtuous Person
(have acquired virtues and be able
to practice them consistently in
ones life)
Being a morally mature person

Emotions
( can guide our perceptions
and moral judgments and
give energy to our
commitments and our
drive to be good
persons)

Christian
Moral Life
growing in LOVE and HOLINESS

a process of becoming authentically human

experiencing the liberating and transforming presence

of Christ
and bringing this to the world making it attain more effectively
its destiny in JUSTICE, in LOVE and in PEACE