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Chapter 6
Refrigeration Systems
Refrigeration Mechanical
Compression Refrigeration
Absorption Systems
Troubleshooting and Maintaining
Refrigeration Systems Refrigerant
Regulations Refrigerant Handling
Chapter6RefrigerationSystems
A refrigeration system
controls the absorption
and rejection of heat by
refrigerant to move heat
from inside a cooled
space to outside the
cooled space.
In a mechanical compression refrigeration system, a

compressor is used to produce the refrigeration
effect.
Refrigerant vapor
pressure charts list the
saturation temperature
and pressure of
refrigerants.
Refrigeration
compressors include
reciprocating, vane,
centrifugal, and screw
compressors.
Refrigerant compressors
are available in hermetic
and semi-hermetic
configurations.
An air-cooled condenser
removes heat from highpressure refrigerant
vapor by air blown across
the condenser coils.
Water-cooled condensers
transfer heat from
refrigerant vapor to
water.
Evaporative condensers
reject heat through the
evaporation of water.
A fin comb is used for

condenser maintenance
to straighten damaged or
bent fins, which limit
airflow and reduce
condenser efficiency.
Robinair Division, SPX Corporation
A thermostatic expansion
valve uses temperature
readings at the
evaporator outlet to
control the rate of
refrigerant flow into the
evaporator.
The opening and closing of a

thermostatic expansion valve
is controlled by the pressure
in the remote bulb.
An automatic expansion
valve controls the
temperature of the
refrigerant by controlling
the pressure in the
evaporator.
As refrigerant is forced
through the capillary
tube, it loses pressure
until it is at the desired
evaporator pressure.
An evaporator vaporizes
low-pressure refrigerant
liquid into a low-pressure
vapor.
A hot-gas defrost uses hot gas from the compressor

to melt frost on the evaporator.
An evaporator pressure regulating valve allows two

evaporators running from the same compressor to
maintain different temperatures.
Accessories are
used for maintaining
and controlling the
flow of refrigerant in
a refrigeration
system.
Pressure switches
control refrigeration
system temperature
through changes in
system pressure.
Ranco Inc.
Ammonia systems operate at high temperatures and

pressures and must have special controls and fittings
to control the release of ammonia gas.
The direction of refrigerant flow in a heat pump is

controlled by a reversing valve.
Heat pumps may use air

or water as the heat
source.
Chillers use chilled water to cool large building

spaces.
A cooling tower cools water from a condenser by the

evaporation of water as it cascades through the
tower.
Absorption systems
use a generator and
absorber in place of
the compressor to
raise system
pressure.
Gauge manifolds are

used to take pressure
readings, add or
remove refrigerant,
and remove air from a
system before it is
filled with refrigerant.
Service valves are frontseated for isolating parts

of the system, midseated for adding or
removing refrigerant or
taking system pressures,
and back-seated during
normal operation.
Refrigeration system pressure readings are taken by

connecting the blue hose to the low-pressure side
service valve and the red hose to the high-pressure
side service valve with both gauge manifold valves
front-seated.
A head pressure
controller prevents the
condenser pressure from
falling too low and
starving the evaporator
for refrigerant.
The EPA has established regulations under

Section 608 of the Clean Air Act to regulate the
handling of ozone-depleting substances.
A recovery unit is used to

recover refrigerant for
reuse.
A leak detector is a
device used to detect
refrigerant leaks in air
conditioning or
refrigeration systems.
A vacuum pump
removes all air from a
refrigeration system.
The vacuum pump is connected to the system

service valves using a gauge manifold and hoses.
Electronic leak detectors are extremely sensitive and

indicate the general location of a leak.
The refrigerant container

is placed upside down to
charge with liquid and
right side up to charge
with vapor.

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PowerPointPresentation

In a mechanical compression refrigeration system, a

A fin comb is used for

Robinair Division, SPX Corporation

The opening and closing of a

A hot-gas defrost uses hot gas from the compressor

An evaporator pressure regulating valve allows two

Ammonia systems operate at high temperatures and

The direction of refrigerant flow in a heat pump is

Heat pumps may use air

Chillers use chilled water to cool large building

A cooling tower cools water from a condenser by the

Gauge manifolds are

Service valves are frontseated for isolating parts

Refrigeration system pressure readings are taken by

The EPA has established regulations under

A recovery unit is used to

The vacuum pump is connected to the system

Electronic leak detectors are extremely sensitive and

The refrigerant container

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