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turbines
Energy conversion in a
Pelton turbine
Outlet
Outlet of
the runner
Inlet of
Outlet of
the runner the needle
Inlet of
the needle
c2
2
c1 2 g H n
c1
c1
1
2 g Hn
Circumferential speed:
c1u 1
u1
2 g Hn
2 2
u1 0.5
h 2(u1 c1u u 2 c 2 u )
c1u 1
cu 2 0
h 0.96
The absolute velocity from the nozzle will be:
h 2(u1 c1u u 2 c 2 u )
n
0,96
u1
0,48
2 c1u 2 1,0
d
Q z
c1u
4
2
s
4Q
ds
z c1u
Where:
Z
Q
C1u
=
=
=
number of nozzles
flow rate
2 g Hn
1 nozzle
2 nozzles
4-5 nozzles
6 nozzles
Number of buckets
z 17
empirical
Number of buckets
Runner diameter
Rules of thumb:
D = 10 ds
D = 15 ds
D < 9,5 ds
D > 15 ds
Hn < 500 m
Hn = 1300 m
Speed number
Qz
d s2
d s2
Q
c1u
4
4
c1u 1,0
u1 0,5
2 g Hn
2 u1
1
2 g Hn D 2 g Hn D 2 g Hn D
1 d s2 z
Q z
D
4
ds
z
4
ds
D = 10 ds
z=1
z 1 1
0,09
4
10 4
ds
D = 10 ds
z=6
z 1 6
0,22
4
10 4
Dimensioning of a
Pelton turbine
1.
2.
3.
4.
4Q
0,22 m
z c1u
5.
6.
D 13,65 d s 3,0 m
D/ds
15
10
400
1400
Hn [m]
7.
D 2 n D
2
60
2
u 60
n 1
452 rpm
D
8.
3000
[rpm]
Zp
3000
6,64 7
n
9.
10.
3000
428,6 [rpm]
Zp
11.
D 2 n D
2
60
2
u1 60
3,16 m
n
12.
8
1
13.
Given values:
Chosen values:
Calculated values:
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*H = 1130 m
c1u = 1
u1 = 0,48
z=5
B = 0,73 m
z = 22
Zp = 7
ds = 0,22 m
n = 428,6 rpm
D = 3, 16 m
Height = 3,1 m
Dhousing= 9,4 m
*P = 288 MW
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*H = 1130 m
*P = 288 MW
GE Hydro
*Q = 28,5 m3/s
*H = 1130 m
*P = 288 MW
GE Hydro
Example
Khimti Power Plant
1. The flow rate and head are given
*H = 660 m
*Q = 2,15 m3/s
*P = 12 MW
Example
Khimti Power Plant
4. Calculate ds from continuity for one
nozzle
ds
4Q
0,15 m
z c1u
D 11,3 d s 1,7 m
D/ds
15
10
400
1400
Hn [m]
2
60
2
u1 60
613 rpm
D
3000
Zp
4,9 5
n
3000
n
600 [rpm]
Zp
10. Recalculate the diameter:
u1
D 2 n D
2
60
2
u1 60
1,74 m
n