2G Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1.0

Traffic Statistics
Analysis
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Foreword
Traffic statistics is the performance of network.
Each traffic item is corresponding one feature of

network.
Through the traffic statistics, can quickly settle the

network problem.
Page3
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Know the traffic statistics system structure of BSC6000
Understand some often-used traffic measurement

items
Locate some problems through the traffic statistics

system
Page4
Contents
1.
Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics
2.
Often-used Traffic Statistics Items Analysis
3.
Locate Problem through Traffic Analysis
Page5
Measurement term
Counter WHAT
Normal counter default counter extended counter
Customer counter
Object
WHO
Physical concept Board/Cabinet
Logical concept BSC, Cell TRX
Period
WHEN
5 15 30 60 1440 min
Page6
Hierarchical Structure of
Performance
P
E
R
F
O
R
M
A
N
C
E
Cluster 1
Unit 1
Item 1
Item j
Unit m
Item1
Cluster n
Item k
Page7
Hierarchical Structure of
Performance
Counter
Cluster
Unit
Page8
Contents
1.
2.
3.
Page9
Analysis Process
Systematical logic:
From whole system to specific cell
Integrality
Observe the change trend of the items for more than
one week and the changing trend of each day.
Relativity
Relationship between various kinds of traffic statistics
items
Page10
Analysis Process
Analysis process
First we shall analyze and compare the item of BSC measurement function to have a
rough idea for the whole network.
During analyzing, if any important items (such as call drop rate or handover success
rate) are abnormal, we shall do further detailed analysis for the corresponding items.
Page11
Analysis Process
There are 26 clusters in the

BSC6000 traffic statistics, 4 of
them are important for the
optimization.
BSC Measurement
MR Measurement
Call Measurement
Channel Measurement
Page12
Traffic Analysis
Page13
Traffic Analysis
Page14
Traffic Analysis
Page15
Traffic Analysis
Page16
Often-used Items
In BSC6000, there are some traffic units are important

for the analysis of interference, call drop and
handover, more attention should be paid on those
Interference band measurement report per TRX
Power control messages per cell
Neighbor cell level measurement per cell
Uplink-and-downlink balance measurement per TRX
Radio link failure measurement per TRX
TCHF(H) receive level measurement per TRX
Page17
Often-used Items
In BSC6000, there are some traffic units are important

for the analysis of interference, call drop and
handover, more attention should be paid on those
KPI measurement per cell
Outgoing inter-cell handover measurement per cell
Incoming inter-cell handover measurement per cell
Intra-cell Handover Measurement
Call drop measurement per cell
CPU usage measurement
Page18
CPU Usage Measurement
CPU measurement function includes two statistic items:

Percentage of CPU occupation (%)
Peak percentage of CPU occupation (%)
The former one is the percentage of CPU in busy status

during the measurement cycle. This item indicates the
load of BSC. The latter one is the maximum CPU
occupation within measurement cycle
Page19
CPU Usage Measurement
Page20
KPI Measurement
KPI measurement is about the traffic statistics of

each cell, it includes all the important items, helping
the engineer analyze each cell performance
Page21
Interference Band Measurement

Report
Interference band is the
interference level contained in

the RF RES IND message that
Interference Band
Power Level Range
Interference band 1
105 dBm to 98 dBm
Interference band 2
98 dBm to 90 dBm
Interference band 3
90 dBm to 87 dBm
Interference band 4
87 dBm to 85 dBm
Interference band 5
85 dBm to 47 dBm
the BTS reports to the BSC when

the channel is idle. There are
five levels. The level range of
each band is set through the
LMT. The higher rank suggests
higher interference level. An idle
channel at interference band 4
or 5 suggests the existence of
interference.
Page22
Interference Band Measurement

Report
Page23
TCHF(H) Receive Level

Measurement
The valid MRs that the BSC receives contain the

ranks of the uplink and downlink receive level and
the ranks of the uplink and downlink receive
quality
The receive level has eight ranks, and higher rank

suggests greater receive level
The receive quality has eight ranks, and higher

rank suggests worse receive quality
Page24

Measurement
Rank of Receive Level
Receive Level(dBm)
<100
(-100,85]
(-85,-80]
(-80,-75]
(-75,-70]
(-70,-65]
(-65,-60]
>-60
Page25

Measurement
Page26
Neighbor Cell Level

Measurement
Neighbor Cell Level Measurement per Cell refers to

the measurement of mean receive level of neighbor
cells. This measurement unit helps to determine
whether to configure neighbor cells.
If Number of MRs of Neighbor Cells and Strength

of Signals in Neighbor Cells are higher ,this cell
should be configured as neighbor cell.
Page27
Neighbor Cell Level

Measurement
Page28
Outgoing Inter-cell Handover

Measurement
This measurement refers to performance of

MS handover from target cell to the each
neighbor cell, including Handover request
times, handover success times, radio
handover success rate
It also record the handover reason, such as

receive level , bad quality, better cell, TA,
receive level drop, enhance dual band cell.
Page29
Outgoing Inter-cell Handover

Measurement
Page30
Incoming Inter-cell Handover

Measurement
This measurement refers to performance of MS

handover from each neighbor cell to this serving
cell, including Handover request times, handover
success times, radio handover success rate
From the incoming inter-cell handover

measurement, can locate the neighbor cell which
handover to this cell is not good.
Page31
Incoming Inter-cell Handover

Measurement
Page32
It measures the intra-cell handover request times,

success times.
This traffic unit also measure the reasons of intracell handover: interference intra-cell handover,
TCHF-TCHH in the AMR calling, intra-cell handover
during the channel conversion, overlaid/underlaid
handover.
Page33
Page34
Uplink-and-Downlink Balance
Measurement
Proper power estimation during network planning is

a prerequisite for normal operation of the system.
The uplink and downlink signals in the coverage area
must be balanced.
The MR that the BSC receives contains the uplink

receive level and the downlink receive level. The
uplink and downlink balance level is determined by
the following formula: Downlink receive level uplink
receive level 6 .
Page35
Measurement
Page36
Measurement
Mapping between the uplink/downlink balance rank

and the receive level.
Uplink-and-Downlink
Balance Rank
Downlink Receive Level Uplink Receive level 6
15 dB
14 dB, 13 dB, 12 dB, 11 dB, 10 dB
9 dB, 8 dB, 7 dB, 6 dB
5 dB, 4 dB, 3 dB
2 dB, 1dB, 0 dB
0 dB
1 dB, 2 dB
3 dB, 4 dB, 5 dB
6 dB, 7 dB, 8 dB, 9 dB
10
10 dB, 11 dB, 12 dB, 13 dB, 14 dB
11
15 dB, 16 dB, 17 dB, 18 dB, 19 dB, 20 dB
Page37
Power Control Messages

per Cell refers to the
measurement of the
transmission power and
the receive level between
the BTS and the MS. It
can measure the
coverage of cell and the
receive level or quality
average.
Page38
Page39
Radio Link Failure

Measurement
Radio Link Failure
Measurement per TRX refers

to the measurement of level,
quality, and TA in the MR
during call drops. From this
unit can check is there any
interference or coverage too
low. Judge the call drop
position from Radio link
failure measurement based
on TA
Page40
Call Drop Measurement
Call drop measurement classify all the call

drop by reasons and the channel type
According this traffic , can get the detail

reason of call drop ,helping locate the call
drop problem
Page41
Call Drop Measurement
Page42
AMR Measurement
The BSC measures these counters when receiving

the SETUP or CALL CONFIRMED message that
contains the speech version.
It indicates penetration of AMR MS.
Page43
AMR Measurement
Page44
Contents
1.
2.
3.
Page45
Call Drop Analysis

High call drop cell
Call drop measurement

Call drop in stable state
alarm hardware
Radio link failure
Rx-level
Interference band
Call drop during the H.O

drop due to the Abis interface
drop due to the equipment
quality
TA
drop due to forced H.O
Page46
Up-down link balance
Call Drop Analysis
Call drop in stable state: call drop during the calling, the major
reasons are error indication and connect failure.
Call drop in handover state: call drop during handover, in

other word , handover failure and reset-up also failure.
Call drop due to Abis terrestrial link failure: normally the

reason is Abis transmission, also can check alarm system to
find out this problem.
Call drop due to equipment failure: the call drop reason is

related to hardware fault.
Call drop due to force handover: during the calling, system

force the MS handover and handover failure , call drop occur.
Page47
Radio Link Failure

Measurement
Check receive level, quality and TA in radio link
failure measurement to analysis the call drop type:
Edge call drop: low receiving signaling strength, large

TA.
Short distance call drop: low receiving signal strength

and small TA.
BQ call drop: high receiving signal strength and poor

quality.
Page48
Edge Call Drop
Causes
MS is out of cells effective coverage area, Island phenomenon
caused by over shooting or missing neighbor, Isolated site.
Solutions
Add new site to guarantee the effective continuous coverage;
Add the necessary neighbor;
Adjust antenna height and antenna downtilt, use high gain antenna;
Modify some parameters
Page49
Short Distance Call Drop
Causes
Poor coverage caused by complicated terrain or high dense building
Solutions
Increase EIRP
Adjust antenna direction and downtilt, make the main lobe point to
high traffic area
Adjust parameters related to call drop
Page50
Interference Call Drop
Monitor and locate interference through some traffic

statistics
Analysis interference band to monitor uplink interference,

judging inter network or intra network interference
according the relationship between interference and traffic
Monitor uplink and downlink interference via TCHF(H)

receive level measurement. If most M.R receive level high
and the quality bad, the interference will be serious
In BTS maintenance-maintain cell-configure frequency

scan , can monitor which frequency is interfered
Page51
Page52
Solutions
Drive test in the suspected area, check the

receive level and the quality; using the spectrum
equipment to find out the interference resource.
Active frequency hopping, DTX and the Power

control to reduce the interference.
Page53
Up-down Link Balance
Disposing method
Analyze up-down link balance measurement function

statistics result and confirm whether the uplink and
downlink are balanced.
In call drop measurement function, analyze the

average receiving signal strength and quality for both
the uplink and downlink .
In power control measurement function, analyze the

average receiving signal strength for both the uplink
and downlink .
Page54
Handover Analysis Process

Low handover success rate
KPI measurement
Incoming H.O
Alarm hardware
External inter-cell
Handover
Outgoing H.O
Interference band
Internal inter-cell
Handover
Neighbor cell level
Up-down link balance
Intra cell H.O
Page55
Handover Analysis
Find out the problem cells:
Handover problem direction:
All cells or some cells
Outgoing or incoming
Handover failure object:
Handover to all the neighbor cells or just handover to

certain cell has problem
Page56
Handover Analysis
From KPI measurement and External inter-cell handover

Internal inter-cell handover, find out the cells which handover
success rate is lower
Analysis the major handover failure is in outgoing or incoming
Check Incoming and outgoing handover measurement to find

out it is just related to certain cell or to all the neighbor cells
From neighbor cell revel to decide deleting or adding neighbor

cell
Check Intra-cell handover measurement to monitor AMR,

overlaid/underlaid performance
Page57
Handover Analysis
Monitor transmission and board alarms
Analysis Up-down link balance measurement to

make sure that cell unbalance or not
Interference also will make the handover success rate

lower, so should pay more attend to interference
band TCHF(TCHH) receive level measurement
Page58
Handover Parameters
Locate and solution
Check whether the handover threshold such as TA, BQ and handover function switch are
suitable or not.
Check whether the successful TCH seizures for handover are much more than successful TCH
seizures for call. If handover times divided by call times is larger than 3, then it indicates that
there may be ping-pong handover. Check the parameter settings and adjust them (layer
setting, layer handover hysteresis, inter cell handover hysteresis, PBGT threshold, etc.).
Check whether the average signal strength is low when the handover happens. If so, it
indicates the edge handover threshold is too low.
Page59
Summary
Traffic Statistics System Basics
Key traffic Measurement Items
Traffic Statistics Analysis Method
Page60
Thank you
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2G Traffic Statistics Analysis ISSUE1.0

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Traffic Statistics

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Traffic statistics is the performance of network.

Each traffic item is corresponding one feature of

Through the traffic statistics, can quickly settle the

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the traffic statistics system structure of BSC6000

Understand some often-used traffic measurement

Locate some problems through the traffic statistics

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items Analysis

Locate Problem through Traffic Analysis

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Normal counter default counter extended counter

Physical concept Board/Cabinet

Logical concept BSC, Cell TRX

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brief Introduction to BSC Traffic Statistics

Often-used Traffic Statistics Items Analysis

Locate Problem through Traffic Analysis

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

There are 26 clusters in the

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

In BSC6000, there are some traffic units are important

Interference band measurement report per TRX

Power control messages per cell

Neighbor cell level measurement per cell

Uplink-and-downlink balance measurement per TRX

Radio link failure measurement per TRX

TCHF(H) receive level measurement per TRX

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

In BSC6000, there are some traffic units are important

KPI measurement per cell

Outgoing inter-cell handover measurement per cell

Incoming inter-cell handover measurement per cell

Intra-cell Handover Measurement

Call drop measurement per cell

CPU usage measurement

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CPU Usage Measurement

CPU measurement function includes two statistic items:

The former one is the percentage of CPU in busy status

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

CPU Usage Measurement

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

KPI measurement is about the traffic statistics of

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interference Band Measurement

Interference band is the

interference level contained in

Power Level Range

105 dBm to 98 dBm

the BTS reports to the BSC when

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.